
Class, 
Book. 



\ 



It 



.n/-\ 



■^ 












I 



T^o JluqdrBd aqd Fiftieth JlnniVersary 



CELEBRATION 



SANDWICH AND BOURNE 



SANDWICH, MASSACHUSETTS, 



SEPTEMBER 3, 1889 



AMBROSE E. PRATT 

STAFF CORRESPONDENT ASSOCIATED PRESS AND BOSTON GLOBE. 



OFFICIAL PROCEEDIHGS 



FALMOUTH, MASS.: 
LOCAL PUBLISHING AND PRINTING COMPANY. 



^^^^''' 



PREFACE. 

This memorial volume has been compiled in obedience to a vote 
of the Executive Committee of the Quarter Millenial Celebration of 
the towns of Sandwich and Bourne, at a meeting held October 5, 1889. 

I regret very much that the work was not completed earlier. 
Had I known at the time of the celebration, that the responsibility 
of compiling these proceedings, was to devolve upon me, a steno- 
grapher would have been present and reported the exercises verba- 
tim, thus enabling me to have presented the book to you some 
months ago. Much time has been consumed in getting the material 
together. It was late in March before a greater portion of the man- 
uscript reached me, and other unavoidable delays prevented me from 
issuing the volume sooner. 

The account of the proceedings contained herein is authentic 
in every particular, and it has been my purpose to present all the de- 
tails of this most successful celebration in a manner which will not 
only be interesting, but valuable to all Sandwich folk, in years to 
come, wherever they may reside, and I trust the volume will meet 

with their approval. 

Ambrose E. Pratt. 



CONTENTS. 



Preliminary Proceedings, 

General Committee, 

Sub-Committee, 

Proceedings of the Committee, . 
The Celebration, 

The Procession, . 

The Decorations, 

At the Casino, 
Oration by Rev. N. H. Chamberlain, 
At the Tent, 

Opening Address of Frank H. Pope, 

The Toastmaster, 

Hon. John D. Long, 

The Toastmaster, 

The Poem, . 

The Toastmaster, 

Hon. Charles S. Randall, 

The Toastmaster, 

Col. Myron P. Walker, 

The Toastmaster, 

Charles E. Pope, . . 

Ode, .... 

Closing Remarks by the Toastmaster, 
The Boat Carnival, 
The Fireworks, 
The Ball 

Celebration Notes, 
Letters, 

Donors — on part of Sandwich, 
Donors — on part of Bourne, 
Legal Voters of Sandwich, 1889, 
Legal Voters of Bourne, 1889, 



14 
15 
17 

19 

22 

79 
80 

. 84 
84 
88 
88 
90 
90 
92 
92 
94 
95 
99 
99 

100 

lOI 
lOI 

103 
107 
116 
117 
120 
126 



PRELIMINARY PROCEEDINGS. 



At the annual Town Meeting, held on April 2, 1887, it 
was 

Voted : That a committee of five be appointed by the Mod- 
erator, (Hon. Charles Dilhngham) to take into consideration the 
celebration of the 250th anniversary of the tow'^n of Sandwich, and to 
report at the next annual meeting. • 

The following gentlemen constituted that committee : — 
I. T. Jones, H. G. O. Ellis, E. S. Whittemore, Dr. J. E. Pratt, 
George T. McLaughlin. It was also 

Voted : That the above committee be instru6ted to secure such 
special legislation as may be required to enable the town to legally 
appropriate money for the celebration. 

At the annual meeting, iield in March, 1888, a commit- 
tee of five, consisting of James Shevlin, Philip H. Robinson, 
H. H. Heald, ¥. S. Pope and Samuel Fessenden, were ap- 
pointed to confer with the towns of Yarmouth, Barnstable 
and Bourne, as regards a general celebration. 

In March, 1889 the committee having in charge, the pro- 
posed celebration, read its report, which was accepted, and it 
was 

Voted : That the sum of $600 be raised and appropriated, and 
if there remains an unexpended balance, it should be returned to 
the treasury of the town. 



6 

The meeting having decided to celebrate the anniver- 
sary of the town's incorporation, rather than its settlement, a 
committee of five was appointed by the moderator, (Mr. 
Dillingham) comprising the following : — T. L. Southack, 
J. E. Pratt, E. S. Whittemore, F. S. Pope and James Shev- 
lin, to report a committee of forty to this meeting, to consti- 
tute the celebration committee. The connnittee's report 
was accepted. 



GENERAL COMMITTEE. 



ORIGINAL COMMITTEE OF FORTY FOR SANDWICH. 



I. T. Jones, Chairman. 



B. G. Bartley, 
S. Frank Brailey, 
J. F. Carlton, 

E. J. Donovan, 

F. A. Fisher, 
Francis Murphy, 
F. S. Pope, 
James Shevlin, 

A. C. Southworth, 

F. O. Ellis, 

E. S. Whittemore, 

G. T. McLaughlin, 

F. H. Burgess, 



W. E. Boyden, 
Arthur Braman, 
G. B. Chamberlain, 
Samuel Fessenden, 
John Kennard, 
William L. Nye, 
F. E. Pierce, 
T. L. Southack, 
C. M. Thompson, 
Zenas W. Wright, 
Frank E. Pope, 
J. A. Holway, 
B. F. Chamberlain, 



Charles Brady, 
Charles F. Dalton, 
S. S. Chipman, 
W. H. Heald, 
P. F. Mahoney, 
S. I. Morse, 
H. F. Spurr, 

E. J. Swann, 
C. C. Jones, 

A. F. Sherman, Jr.. 
J. L. Wesson, 
Chas. Dillingham, 

F. E. ElwelL " 



John E. Pratt, Secretary. 



COMMITTEE FOR BOURNE. 



Isaac N. Keith, 
Nathan Nye, 
O. R. Swift, 
W. A. Barlow, 
Andrew C. Bates, 
B. H. Gilbraith, 
Allen T. Rogers, 
Hiram Crowell, 
Geo. L. Atherton, 
J. P. Knowlton, 



William A. Nye, 
David D. Nye, 
Paul C. Gibbs, 
Rev. J. J. Brackett, 
Fred Dimmock, 
James T. Handy, 
Benj. B. Abbe, 
Charles D. Swift, 
John W. Wedlock, 
E. Bourne Nye, 



A. L. Aldrich, 
A. R. Eldredge, 
W. R. Blackwell. 
F. E. Wright, 
Ansel W. Fish, 
A. L. Landers, 
Calvin Crowell, 
Clarence E. Pope, 
Wm. R. Gibbs, 
L. Latter. 



7. 

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. 

I. T. Jones, Chair. F. A. Fisher, W. E. Boyden, 

G. T. McLaughhn, James ShevUn, C. M. Thompson, 

F. S. Pope, Z. W. Wright, J. E. Pratt, Sec. 



SUB-COMMITTEES. 



FINANCE. 



Sandwich. W. E. Boyden, Chairman ; W. H. Heald, Zenas W. 
Wright, Charles Brady, Frank E. Pope, I. T. Jones, F. H. Bur- 
gess, W. L. Nye, J. E. Pratt. 

Bourne. I. N. Keith, A. L. Aldrich, A. R. Eldredge, I. Small, Jr. 

LITERARY. 

Sandwich. C M. Thompson, Chairman ; Charles Dillingham, E. S. 

Whittemore, G. T. McLaughlin, J. L. Wesson. 
Bourne. Isaac N. Keith, Charles F. Chamberlayne, W. A. Nye, 

Rev. John J. Brackett, L. Latter. 

MUSIC. 

Sandwich. Ambrose E. Pratt, Chairman ; W. L. Nye, Sec. ; W. H. 

Heald, P. F. Mahoney, H. H. Heald. 
Bourne. C. H. Burgess, 2nd, Eben Keith, O. R. Swift. 

BALL. 

A. F. Sherman, Jr., Chairman ; J. A. Holway, Sec. ; T. L. Southack, 
Arthur Braman, Francis Murphy, F. O. Ellis, G. E. White and 
James H. Kellehar. 

DECORATIONS AND FIREWORKS. 

Sandwich. F. E. Pierce, Chairman ; F. S. Pope, Sec. ; E. J. Dono- 
van, S. Frank Brailey, H. F. Spurr, F. E. Elwell, J. F. Knovvles, 
Sam'l Fessenden, L. C. Jones, E. J. Swann, F. H. Burgess, 
S. S. Chipman, John Kennard, S. L Morse, B. G. Bartley. 

Bourne. E. C. Swift, Walter G. Beal, Paul C Gibbs, Andrew C. 
Bates, Ansel W. Fish, L Small, Jr. 



INVITATIONS. 

Sandwich. Charles Dillingham, Chairman; F. H. Burgess, Sec; 
F. S. Pope, Paul Wing, Azariah Wing, F. E. Elvvell, D. C. 
Percival. 

Bourne. D. D. Nye, 1. N. Keith, W. A. Nye, G. F. Swift, Joe 
Jefferson, F. Dimmick, Nathan Nye, B. H. Gilbraith. 

ENTERTAINMENT. 

Sandwich. W. L. Nye, Chairman ; F. E. Pierce, Sec. ; A. C. South- 
worth, C. C. Jones, E. J. Swann, G. E. White, I. T. Jones. 

Bourne. Calvin Crowell, W. R. Gibbs, B. B. Abbe, A. L. Aldrich, 
F. E. Wright, W. A. Barlow. 

PARADE. 

Sandwich. James Shevlin, Chairman ; B. F. Chamberlain, Sec. ; J, 
F. Carlton, J. F. Knowles, F. A. Fisher, G. B. Chamberlain. 

Bourne. George I. Briggs, J. P. Knowlton, A. L. Landers, J. T. 
Handy, W. R. Blackwell. 

TENT. 

Arthur Braman, Chairman ; C. M. Thompson. 

BADGES. 

James Shevlin, Chairman; G. E. White, J. E. Pratt, T. L. 
Southack, C. M. Thompson. 

PRESS. 

Ambrose E. Pratt, Chairman ; A. F. Sherman, Jr., F. O. Ellis. 

TRANSPORTATION. 

W. E. Boyden, Chairman ; I. T. Jones, J. E. Pratt. 

GRAND MARSHALL. 
William A. Nye of Bourne. 



PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMMITTEES. 



The first meeting of the committee of forty, on the 
260th anniversary celebration, held March 26, 1889, was 
called to order by F. H. Bnrgess, Town Clerk. E. S. Whit- 



9 

temore was chosen temporary chairman and John E. Pratt, 
secretifty. It was voted that the chair ap[)oint a committee 
of three, who should retire to nominate jjermanent officers 
and an executive committee; it reported as follows : — 

Permanent Chaiiman, I. T. Jones. 

Permanent Secretary, John E. Pratt. 

Executive Committee , I. T. Jones, Geo. T. McLaughlin, 
F. A. Fisher, W. E. Boyden, Charles M. Thompson, J. E. 
Pratt, James Shevlin, F. S. Pope, Zenas W. Wright. The 
committee subsequently elected I. T. Jones as chairman, 
and J. E. Pratt, secretary. 

Voted : That the executive committee be requested to confer 
with committees of Bourne and Barnstable, relative to a union of 
the towns in the coming celebration. 

The executive committee met May 4, 1889. Mr. James 
Shevlin acting as chairman pro tern. Remarks were made 
by Messrs. Shevlin, Thompson, Boyden, and Wright (and 
W. A. Nye, of Bourne, who, being present, was invited to act 
at this meeting,) as to the propriety and advisability of hav- 
ing a celebration, Barnstable to the contrary notwithstand- 
ing, which culminated in the following : 

Voted : On motion of W. A. Nye, seconded by James Shevlin, 
that we, together with the town of Bourne, do celebrate the 250th 
anniversary of the incorporation of Sandwich, in Sandwich village, on 
the 3d of September next. (Unanimous.) 

Voted : That a committee of three be appointed by the chair, 
to report a plan of organization to the full executive committee, next 
Thursday evening, and that the full committee report such plan, after 
necessary revision and amendment, to a joint committee from the 
towns of Sandwich and Bourne, at Buzzards Bay, Friday morning next. 
Committee: — J. E. Pratt, James Shevlin, C. M. Thompson. 

At an adjourned meeting of the executive committee, 
held May 9, 1889, the report of the sub-connuittee on plan 
of organization was read and accepted. 

Voted : That we recommend to the joint committee that \V. 
A. Nye be made chief marshal, and Charles Dillingham, president 
of the' day. 

Messrs. Jones, Thompson, Shevlin, Wright, Pope and 
Pratt met the committee of Bourne at Buzzards Bay, on the 



10 

morning of May 10. The joint committee was organized by 
choice of I. T. Jones, President and W. A. Nye, Secretary. 

The plan of organization reported from executive com- 
mittee of Sandwich was adopted without question. Consid- 
erable time was spent in discussion, as to the relation of the 
town of Bourne in the matter of her appropriation, and no 
business of importance was transacted. 

The committee of forty held a meeting at the Town 
Hall, July 18, 1889, called in anticipation of a town meeting, 
to be held the 23d. on petition of citizens opposed to the 
celebration for certain reasons. The chairman, Mr. Jones, 
stated the present status as to finances, showing a very grat- 
ifying exhibit. 

Voted. That we recommend to the town that the plans for a 
celebration be prosecuted. 

Chas. Dillingham, chairman of the Board of Selectmen, 
by request, stated that the increase in taxation this year, by 
reason of the -fGOO appropriated at the March meeting, would 
be 40 cents per -$1000. 

At this meeting, Mr. E. F. Elwell, a summer lesident, 
was made a member of the committee. 

The executive committee met July 22, '89 when it was 

Voted : That A. L. Aldrich, W. A. Nye, I. N. Keith and Na- 
than Nye of Bourne, be invited to participate in the next general 
meeting. 

Voted : That the committees on decorations and fireworks be 
consolidated. 

Voted : That W. E. Boyden be appointed treasurer of the 
Centennial committee. 

A convention of all the committees was held at the Town 
Hall, July 26, 1889, with I. T. Jones as chairman. 

Various persons from Sandwich and Bourne were added 
to the several sub-committees, and the latter organized with 
choice of chairmen and secretaries. 

Voted : To send special invitations to Hon. Samuel Snow, of 
Barnstable, to act in conjunction with Hon. I. N. Keith, in securing, 
if possible, the Hon. J. D. Long, as orator, and failing in this, to 
secure Hon. George D. Robinson. 



11 

Voted : That the price of dinner tickets do not exceed 50 cents 
per plate, and that the committee guarantee to the caterer, 1000 
plates. 

It was suggested that inasmuch as it is desirable that 
all possible benefits arising from the celebration should ac- 
crue to the towns of Sandwich and Bourne, that the sub- 
committees should })rocure, as far as possible, their equip- 
ments, appliances, facilities, etc., in these towns, and that or- 
ders and contracts should not be placed elsewhere, except in 
the interest of real economy. 

On the evening of August 14, 1889, the executive xcom- 
mittee met the chairman of the various sub-committees for 
conference, vice chairman Shevlin, presiding. The sub-com- 
mittees reported progress through their chairmen, all of 
whom were present. 

The matter of selecting a President of the day being 
brought up, eloquent and spirited remarks, setting forth the 
ciualifications of Hon. Chas. Dillingham to fill that post of 
honor, having been made by several gentlemen j)resent it was 

Voted : That Hon. Chas. Dillingham be invited to act in the 
capacity of President of the day. 

This was a rising unanimous vote. 

Voted : That the guests of DeWitt Clinton Lodge, and of the 
Charles Chipman Post No. 132, G A. R., be furnished dinners by 
the committee. 

Voted : That a press committee of three be appointed ; that 
the entertainment committee provide a table in front of the 
speakers for the reporters ; that F. H. Burgess and the secretary have 
full power to provide general posters ; that the ball committee be 
empowered to provide their own posters. 

The executive committee met Aug. 24, and the following 
circular was ordered printed and distributed. 

Sandwich, August 26, 1889. 
Information received by the committee, indicates that 
the resources of the town will be taxed to their full capacity, 
to provide lodging for our visitors, on the night of Sept. 3. 
In consideration of the fact that the generosity of friends in 
Bourne, and abroad, has made the success of this celebration 
possible, it is hoped by the committee that our resident house- 



12 

holders will be considerate enough to i)lace at their disposal, 
all their spare rooms, at a fair price. It is, of course, under- 
stood and expected that no person will seek to use an occa- 
sion of sucli public interest for the furtherance of extortion- 
ate private speculation. 

Any person having rooms to spare will please report to 
W. L. Nye, chairman of entertainment committee. 

Per Order of Executive Committee. 

The executive committee met Oct. 5, with the president 
in the chair. The treasurer reported •lf'50 in the treasury, 
with some due, and it was voted that the treasurer collect 
the sums due the committee. 

Voted : That Rev. N. H. Chamberlain be paid ; that the 
secretary write letters of thanks to Messrs. Long, Swift, Kendrick, 
Nye, Pope, and Miss Conroy. 

The subject of publishing the proceedings of the anniver- 
sary was discussed and resulted in the following : — 

Resolved: That Ambrose E. Pratt be authorized to com- 
pile and publish the official memorial volume with the approval of 
the executive committee. 

The final meeting of the executive committee was held 
on the evening of March 13, called to order by I. T. Jones, 
Chairman, who read the statement prepared by the treasurer, 
to be presented to the town at its annual meeting. The re- 
port showed one cent in the hands of the treasurer, with all 
bills paid. It was voted that a copy of the report be trans- 
mitted to the town of Bourne. 

It was also voted that C. M. Thompson and J. E. Pratt 
be a committee to read the manuscript of the memorial vol- 
ume, revising it if necessary, and that their action will be a 
sufficient approval of the executive committee. 

At this meeting it was voted that the services and labors 
of the officers of this committee deserve recognition frcmi 
the committee and the people of Sandwich. Mr. James 
Shevliu presented the following: 

Resolved : That the thanks of the people of Sandwich are due 
to chairman I. T. Jones, for the energy displayed by him in enlisting 
the sympathy of our non-resident townsmen with the celebration, 
thereby securing the financial assistance that assured_^success. 



13 

Resolved : That secretary John E. Pratt merits the gratitude of 
his fellow-citizens, for the faithfulness with which the laborious duties 
assigned him were conducted. 

Resolved: That we tender the thanks of the people of Sand- 
wich to treasurer Willard E. Boyden, for the admirable manner in 
which he managed the finances of the celebration. 



i 

! 



THE CELEBRATION. 



The '250th anniversary celebration of this old Cape Cod 
town and her recent offspring, the new town of Bourne, 
opened at sunrise with the' ringing of bells from churches, 
factory and academy. Every Sandwich man turned an anx- 
ious look heavenwards with the first opening of his eyes, 
but nobody's enthusiasm was dampened in the least, for the 
weather was most propitious. At an early hour the streets 
were alive with sightseers and a most brilliant spectacle did 
the old town present. 

No such attempt at public demonstration was ever be- 
fore made here. From nearly every dwelling, store and public 
building, especially on the line of march, drooped the nation- 
al colors, arranged in many unique and artistic combinations 
which the taste of the decorator suggested. Shields, stars 
and stripes and mottoes, were fantastically interwoven 
amid the bewilderment of color and bunting, while across 
Jarves street near the Old Colony station, was stretched a 
huge triumphal arch with " Welcome " over the centre, be- 
neath which the procession passed. 

Sandwich's sons and daughters, long exiled from the pa- 
ternal hearthstone, returned by every train and renewed old 
memories and pleasant acquaintances, and there were also 
within her gates, guests who are always welcome, for the 
trains during that, and the day previous landed a host of liv- 
ing humanity. 



15 

The early morning trains from Provincetown and way 
stations were crowded, notwithstanding extra cars had been 
added. The same coukl be said of the special train from 
New Bedford, Woods Holl and intermediate stations. The 
invited guests and speakers (with the exception of Hon. John 
D. Long, who came by the regular) arrived on the special 
train, as did many others, which left Boston at 7.30 A. M., 
reaching Sandwich about 10.30. When all the trains had ar- 
rived the streets of old Sandwich were completely thronged 
with people, and probably the town never had so many per- 
sons within its borders on a single day. The streets were in 
excellent condition as usual, thus affording a splendid oppor- 
tunity for both civil and military organizations to do good 
marching; and with the music of five brass bands, the town 
cast aside its quiei attitude of the past, awakened, and 
breathed new life, as it were, and rejoiced in its fifth grand 
jubilee. 

The special train from Provincetown and way stations 
brought Frank D. Hammond Post, No. 141, G. A. R., of 
Harwich, J. C. Freeman Post, No. 53, G. A. R., of Province- 
town, as guests of Charles Chipman Post, No. 132, G. A. R., 
of Sandwich, Adams Lodge of Masons, of Wellfieet, and 
visiting brethren of other lodges in the 28th Masonic dis- 
trict, as guests of De Witt Clinton Lodge, of Sandwich. 
The Standish Guards, Pl3'mouth Lodge of Masons and Ply- 
mouth band, came the entire distance, eigliteen miles, by car- 
riages, arriving soon after nine o'clock, and during their stay 
were entertained by De Witt Clinton Lodge. 



THE PROCESSION. 



Early in the day preparation began for the grand parade, 
which was looked forward to by the throng assembled, with 
as much interest, perhaps, as any event of the day. In fact, 
it was most creditable, and several times during the march 
the attractive features were applauded again and again. 
The procession was made up as follows: 

Chief Marshall — WilUam A. Nye. 
Chief of Staff — James Shevlin ; Adjutant — Charles M. Thompson. 



16 

Staff Ofificers. 
William P. Stoddard, Dr. E. B. Hill, W. H. Drew, Col. B. S. Lovell, 

E. C. Swift. 
^ Aids. 
Frank Rowland, Frank O. Ellis. 

FIRST DIVISION. 

Platoon, State Police. 

Geo. I. Briggs, Asst. Marshall. 

Hills Band, New Bedford, 25 pieces. 

Standish Guards of Plymouth, Capt. Hennessy. 

Charles Chipman Post, 132 G. A. R., Sandwich, William C. 

Gifford, Commander. 

Frank D. Hammond Post 141, G. A. R., Harwich, Dr. George M. 

Munsell, Commander. 
J. C. Freeman, Post 53, G. A. R., Provincetown, Joshua Cook, 

Commander. 

SECOND DIVISION. 

B. B. Abbe, Asst. Marshal. 

Sagamore Brass Band, 20 pieces. 

Cavalcade of seventy-five Horsemen. 

THIRD DIVISION. 

Arthur Braman, Assistant Marshal. 

Middleboro Brass Band, twenty-five pieces. 

DeWitt Clinton Lodge, F. & A. M., of Sandwich. 

Plymouth Rock Band, twenty- five pieces. 

Plymouth Lodge, F. & A. M., of Plymouth. 

Members of James Otis Lodge F. & A. M., Barnstable. 

Members of Adams Lodge, F. & A. M., Wellfleet. 

Visiting members of other lodges. 

FOURTH DIVISION. 

S. L Morse, Assistant Marshal. 
Bourne Brass Band, twenty-five pieces. 
President of the Day, Orator, Chaplain, Invited Guests, Speakers, 
Committee of Arrangements and Committee on Entertain- 
ment in Carriages. 
School Children in Barges. 
Citizens. 

The procession was formed on Jarves street after the 
arrival of the regular and special trains, and marched over 



17 

the following route: From Old Colony Station up Jarves 
street to Main to opposite the residence of Joshua T. 
Faunce ; countermarch on Main to Grove, to residence of 
Ezra T. Pope ; countermarch on Grove to Water, School, 
Main, to residence of Leander Chamberlain ; countermarch 
on Main to Liberty, Factory, Freeman, State, Church, 
Jarves, Main, to School, where the parade was dismissed at 
the Casino at 1.30 p. m. 



THE DECORATIONS. 



All of the citizens of the old town entered fully into the 
spirit of the occasion and joined heartily in the dis])lay. It 
will, of course, be impossible to describe the numerous pri- 
vate decorations ; nor is it proper to select any for special 
commendation, where all were so good. It was frequently 
remarked, however, both by strangers and invited guests, 
that the decorations were characterized by novelty in color, 
and excellent taste in arrangement. This was largely due 
to the committee on decorations, who were liberal with 
their advice and aid, together with the artistic work done 
by Masten & Wells, of Boston, who had established head- 
quarters here. 

The large evergreen arch across Jarves street, near the 
depot, the gift of Mr. Charles H. Nye, of Hyannis, Division 
Superintendent of the Old Colony Railroad, was exceedingly 
creditable to him, and to the committee having in charge its 
decoration. 

All the decorations were elaborate, and those of historic 
interest especially noticeable. Postoffice square was proba- 
bly the most elaborate of any. From the large elm tree, 
planted years ago, there were festooned flags to all sides of 
Jarves and Main streets. At the Jarves street entrance to 
the square, coming from the depot was the motto : 

Welcome to our Sons and Daughters. 

On the easterly entrance : 

Thankful for the Past, Hopeful for the Future. 



18 

And on the westerly side : 

250th Anniversary of the Settlement. 

At the old Cobb house on Main street was prettily arranged : 

Sandwich, 1889. Shawme, 1639. 

The Unitarian church came in for its full share of inter- 
est and attention, by its decorations and the motto over the 
main entrance : 

1638. First Church. 1889. 

At C. E. Pope's was: 

Home of the Popes for Five Generations. 

At E. S. Whittemore's, a large shield was arrayed over the 
front entrance bearing : 

1690. 

Jarves Street: Sandwich Young Men's Mutual Im- 
provement Society, Sanford 1. Morse, John W. Dalton, J. 
Charles Stever, Fletcher Clark, Procter Bros., John Hobson, 
John Murray, A. C. South worth, Pickwick Club, George W. 
Rogers, Chas. H. Burgess, George Hartwell, F. S. Pope, 
Post-office, Headquarters Charles Chipman Post, G. A. R., 

B. G. Bartley and the Old Colony station 

Main Street. H. G. O. Ellis, Mrs. J. Leonard, Head- 
quarters of Masten & Wells, George N. Chipman, Charles 
W. Spurr, Willard E. Boyden, N. Y. & B. Despatch Express 
Office, Central House, Capt. E. Nichols, E. S. Whittemore, 
And)rose E. Pratt, Mrs. L. A. Spring, Fletcher Clark, Mrs. 

C. Hall, Mrs. Sarah Wesson, Dr. J. H. Stevens, Mrs. Kern, 
William L. Nye, G. N. Chipman, Town Hall, Dr. J. E. 
Pratt, J. D. Lloyd, L T. Jones, Miss Lucinda Allyne, L K. 
Chipman, S. Wells Hunt, Mrs. Exie Bourne, B. F. Cham- 
berlain, Leander Chamberlain, John Perr}^^^ 

Grove Street: B. G. Bartley, Josiah Newcomb, 
Charles E. Pope, J. C. C. Ellis, Thomas Baker, Ezra T. Pope. 

Water Street: F. E. I^ierce, Anthony Cha[)ouil, 
F. FL P)urgess, Henry Laphani, Percival Homestead, Mrs. 
Linekin, Hoxie Estate, H. H. Heald. 



19 

School Street: Samuel Fessenden, C. M. Thompson, 
Dr. G. E. White, Casino, James Ingraham, James Perry, 
W. H. Heald. 

Liberty Street : Seth Hargreaves, W. H. (libbs, John 
Murray, Mrs. Robert Wright, R. C. t'hirk. 

Freeman Street : Geo. T. McLaughlin. 

State Street ; Murphy Family, Mrs. J. W. Dalton, 
Nicholas Lutz, James Shevlin, James Davis. 

Church Street : Rev. T. F. Clinton. 



AT THE CASINO. 



The immense building was profusely decorated with 
flags and bunting artisticallj^ arranged. Long before the 
hour arrived the large auditorium was completely filled by 
an appreciative audience. 

The Middleboro Band furnished a selection, after which 
an eloquent invocation by Rev. S. F. Upham, D. D., LL.D., 
of Drew Theological Seminary, Madison, New Jersey, was 
offered. 

Hon. Charles Dillingham, president of the day delivered 
the 

ADDRESS OF WELCOME. 

It has fallen to me to welcome you to the celebration of 
the Quarter Millennial Anniversary of the founding of Sand- 
wich. Two hundred and fifty years is but a short period in 
the world's history; but in the history of Sandwich it takes 
us back to within two years of the time when the " ten men 
from Saugus," with their wives and children commenced 
their struggle for existence on the shores of yonder bay, 
founding the first permanent settlement by Europeans in 
Barnstable county. 

It is fitting that we should thus celebrate the day. It 
is fitting that we should pause at times, and turn our thoughts 
back upon the events of the past. What more appropriate 
season can there be, than the day which marks the very 
beginning of our existence as a municipality? 

Edward Everett in that eloquent oration at Barn- 
stable, fifty years ago to-day, said : " I do not know how 



20 

the facult}^ of looking before and after, which belongs 
to us as rational beings, can be better employed than calling 
up to grateful recollection on ap])ropriate occasions, the 
toils and sufferings of those, to whom, as a community, we 
owe our existence. It is a pious office to the past." 

Let us then, while we celebrate with joy and gladness 
this day of our birth, give a passing thought, at least, to the 
memory of those Godly men and women, through whose 
trials and sacrifices, endured for conscience sake, and obe- 
dience to the Divine law, we to-day possess so goodly an 
inheritance. 

Did time permit, we might speak of the patriotic stand 
the fathers took in resisting the oppressive laws of the 
mother country, the poverty and sore distress they endured 
during the seven long years of war which followed, and 
later when the country was rent and torn by internal strife, 
of the prompt action of our people in taking up arms in 
defence of the goverment which was purchased at such a 
price. 

We cannot point to any remarkable growth in wealth or 
population. The attractions of the cities and the fertile 
prairies of the West, offering such fair promise of bettering 
fortune, have proved stronger, than the attachment to native 
soil or the ties of kindred. 

Our sons and daughters are found in every state in the 
Union, from the shores of the Atlantic to the slopes of the 
Pacific ; carrying with them always, wherever found, those 
])rinciples so dear to our fathers' civil and religious liberty ; 
planting side by side those symbols of New England's civil- 
ization, the church and the " free public school." 

Two hundred and fifty years have passed and we have 
gathered here in commemoration of the event. We have 
come up, like Jews of old, to celebrate this, our fifth jubilee 
year. In behalf of the committee who has arranged this 
celebration, and the peo[)le of Sandwich, we bid you most 
welcome. 

To the daughter town of Bourne, whose history is iden- 
tical with our own, that has responded so generously to our 
invitation, old mother Sandwich extends a most cordial greet- 
ing. We bid her God speed, and rejoice in her prosperity. 



21 

To all the sons and daughters of Sandwich, who have come 
home to the maternal roof; to friends, neighbors and strangers; 
to the distinguished representatives of nation or state, who 
have honored us by their presence, to all our guests, from 
whatever quarter they have come, we bid you a cordial wel- 
come, and open to you our hearts and homes. 

There are, doubtless, those within the sound of my voice, 
who will participate in celebrating the three hundredth anni- 
versary, fifty years hence. What the condition of our town 
or country may then be, 'twere not wise for me to predict, 
but we will hope that as now, it will be the home of a united, 
free and happy people. 

Here the President introduced Rev. N. H. Chamberlain, 
of Bourne, as the orator of the day, who was given a hearty 
welcome by all present. 




ORATION BY REV. N. H. CHAMBERLAIN. 



Fellow Townsmen, Ladies and Gentlemen : 

Allow me, first of all, to congratulate you upon this, the 
250th anniversary of the settlement of the ancient town of 
Sandwich. In paying homage to our venerable ancestors, we 
lay claim to our own heraldr}- among the peoples and honor 
ourselves and them. For they only are able to transmit a full 
civilization to posterity who are willing to learn wisdom at 
the graves of their forefathers. On memorial days like this, 
we break away from the cark and care of our temporal cir- 
cumstance and join the ceaseless procession of the human race, 
to thereby secure our immortality as a part of that vast host 
of man which is forever. 

Birthdays, whether of men or of towns, derive their 
dignity, in the eyes of the just, from the virtues and the uses 
of the life commemorated ; and the recount of a great life is 
a perpetual incentive to honor, in those who heed the lesson. 
Certainly the story of a Pilgrim town like this, seven gener- 
ations long, must stimulate us all to a new sense of the dig- 
nity and duty of American citizenship and urge on the Pilgrim 
blood esi)ecially, wherever it may inhabit, to imitate the per- 
sistency and loyalty of their forefathers in behalf of man, of 
what&ver color and whatever creed. 

The ties which bind a man to his birth town and the ties 
which bind a man to his native land, interweave themselves 



23 

together in the human conciousiiess and are always treated by 
the wise with respect. If tlie tie of our Fatherland be some- 
thing grander and more imperative the tie which binds us to 
our Father and Mother town is of necessity something more 
intimate and personal. P'or an incorporated town, is both by 
law and nature, an articulated and specified part of infi- 
nate space ; and as men articulate and break eternity with 
specified durations of time — such as days, years and centuries, 
so men break and articulate the surface of the earth, by towns, 
states, provinces, nations. Therefore what our native town 
does for us is this : out of this infinite space whose concave 
is a limitless globe, " this brave, overhanging firmament, 
this majestic roof, fretted with golden fire," as Hamlet phrases 
it, a town gives us a specific and named abode, with metes 
and bounds ; our home where our cradles were, when our 
mothers put us asleep ; and where perhaps after work, b}'' 
friendly hands, we are laid among our own, to cease from that 
strife of life, which, if it have any use or meaning, foretells a 
great peace, wherein we shall greatly love and greatly know. 
Let us clearly understand eaeh other at the outset. 
When a birthday is thronged, usually some one voices the 
general mind. By the courtesy of your committee, acting 
for you, I have been appointed, as a native of this town, in 
this passage of your festival, to speak for you as to the his- 
tory of Sandwich, and to voice the thoughts which naturally 
arise in the minds of its citizens on an occasion like the pres- 
ent. As your mouthpiece, as the mouthpiece of justly 
judging men, I am bound not to discolor, distort or exaggerate 
our town history, as to its trend (u- actual influence on public 
affairs. The facts involved in the history of this town will 
suffice to give it an honorable place in the history of this 
commonwealth and nation ; and more no one will claim. 
I hope then that I may truly express your minds, when, 
first of all, (and for us all) I offer here our reverent and 
grateful salutations to the memory of the dead generations 
of Sandwich folk, who made this town, and out of whose 
loins so many of us are. Peace, rest and eternal happiness 
to them all. Next we salute those of our stock wherever 
scattered over the globe, unavoidably absent from this solem- 
nity, wishing that wherever the blood of Sandwich strain 



24 

this day courses through human veins, our greeting of kin- 
ship and good will should reach. And next we send new 
salutations of a long-lived friendship to all those ancient 
towns of Plymouth Colony — and especially to our neigh- 
bors of the Cape ; towns which for more than two hundred 
years have wrought, toiled, suffered, won, and lived with us 
through wars, civilized and barbarian, and the crises of civil 
life, side by side in building up our civilization by the sea. 
Health, happiness and plenty in a pure peace to them all, 

" PER S^CULA S^CULORUM." 

Nor should we, in this expression of relationship, over- 
look that little gray town by the sea, laid with its dingy 
brick houses for at least a thousand years along that river's 
bank, into whose waters the spires of Canterbury Cathedral 
almost throw their shadows — with its little gray Saxon 
church, of St. Clement's on the hill above, watching over this 
Cinque-Port of the mediaeval ages and Thanet island where 
Julius Csesar landed and Augustine rebrought Christianity to 
Britain — the town near which some of our founders lived 
and from which we derive our name, Sandwich, on the river 
Stour, County of Kent, Old England. 

With these salutations in your name, I approach my 
theme, 

TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTY YEARS OF SANDWICH LIFE. 

I leave the inherent difficulties of the discussion in the 
hands of the just who will know how to weigh them. It in- 
volves reference to religious movements about which men 
have differed bitterly — none more so than our Pilgrim an- 
cestors themselves. The roots of Sandwich History have 
been analyzed at Plymouth Rock, again and again for more 
than fifty years by able orators, and whatsoever they spoke 
of truth, barring the circumstances of a locality, applies 
with equal force to every Pilgrim town. This is a part of 
the Pilgrim land and the glory or the shame of the Pilgrim 
history belongs to every Pilgrim town, as well as to Ply- 
mouth. They have lately graced Plymouth town with a new 
monument to retell the story of their fathers. Long may it 
look across the sea on which they came from England to 



25 

found a greater empire in the West. And sometime (may it 
not be late,) so generous will be their reverence for their 
own history, they will insist with us that another monument 
at Provincetown shall retell the story of how the Pilgrims 
landed first on old Cape Cod, sailed along its shores, trav- 
ersed its wilds, were fed on its Indian corn, and finally buf- 
feted with storm and the winter's cold, found refuge in Ply- 
mouth harbor. Let me attempt then a little history and 
towards its roots. On exactly what grounds then, of reason 
and common sense, do you base an anniversary like this, and 
in memory of your fathers ? Not chiefly because many of 
you are their descendants who abide in the old home and filial 
piety is venerable in any man ; not because they were emi- 
grants here and suffered hardships, since others have fared as 
ill ; not because they cleared these fields and built roads 
across them ; not because they built up this town with sober 
venerable houses, some of which remain ; not even that they 
established schools, and churches. Not even filial pride nor 
affection — not even what I may call the form and circum- 
stance of the Pilgrim life lie at the roots of this day's honor. 
What then ? This Pilgrim town is entitled to its unwasting 
record, today and a thousand years hence as well, because 
here in the 17th century of our Lord came certain men who 
with their brethren elsewhere in this New England brought 
with them two root and kindred ideas which control this 
land and which are destined to control the future of man- 
kind — the ideas of religious and civil liberty — the idea that 
man is to bear his destiny in his own right hand unchained ; 
ideas which carry with them the corollary, late to be arrived 
at in our slow processes of human logic, that this world 
belongs of right and eternal fitness, not to hierarchies, ar- 
istocracies or dynasties but to the peoples of the world, and 
that there shall be no final peace on earth until man comes 
to his great estate; brought these ideas here, I say, and made 
this town a cradle to nurse them in — guarded and defended 
that cradle; and when time was, gave with their brethren 
in the events of two centuries and a half to this nation these 
two ideas which dominate the land. I do not deny to any 
other man or any other set of men their just claim as fellow 
workmen in laying the foundations of this republic, nor am 



26 

I ignorant of the toil and sacrifice elsewhere. I admit 
frankly that in many ways the Pilgrims were earthen vessels. 
I only insist that the treasure itself was sterling and out of 
that King's mint in whom is no variableness neither shadow 
of turning. I know that the Pilgrims did not even discover 
this treasure but inherited it as a trust — that most of them 
never knew the high price it would bear in this market of 
the West ; that in their laws and social tempers they were 
perpetually crossing the trend of their own ideas — that in 
their movement, as so often happen among men, they builded 
wiser than they knew. What I maintain is that these men 
held and preserved more firmly, yes more fiercely than any 
other set of men of English blood the two root ideas from 
which this nations derives its institutions. I am the more 
anxious to be explicit here, because whenever there is a new 
and justifiable oration at Plymouth Rock there is sure to be a 
gnashing of the teeth elswhere. North or South, urban or 
rural. That the Pilgrims were not angels but only men, of- 
ten narrow, fallible, faultful men ; that they were neither a 
force nor a law of nature and therefore liable to make mis- 
takes and wander from their own ideas — in short that the 
form and circumstance of what I now call for the first time 
in this address, Puritanism was temporal and full of errors 
may go without contradiction and even with a frank assent. 
But for any man in the light of history to assert among the 
wise that the Puritan did not bring with him the corn and 
oil and wine on which nations may feed themselves to great- 
ness, is as futile as though a man should snatch at the atmos- 
phere with his teeth, to rend it. 

Allow me here, a moment, to remove a little obstacle 
from the mind of any exact and careful listener who may 
have noticed that I have just used the word Puritan as inter- 
changeable with Pilgrim. I have done it advisedly and as 
necessary to the freedom of my discussion. In my judg- 
ment the distinction now in common use, made between the 
Pilgrim and the Puritan, is one that so far as it is valid 
must deal with surfaces and temporalities. The substances 
and eternities of the truths they held were the same in each. 
The Puritan and Pilgrim were two chips from the same 
block. Only the Pilgrim wood was from the south or more 



27 

sunny side of the tree. The Puritan was the genus; the 
Pilgrim the species. All men are human beings, yet some 
men are not blondes. In history the color does not count; 
the genus does. All Pilgrims were Puritans; but all Puri- 
tans were not Pilgrims. The heart of Massachusetts Bay 
and the heart of Plymouth Colony were of one blood. 
What matters it, if in their great civic and religious evolu- 
tion, the arc of the heart throbs sometimes differed. The 
Pilgrim and the Puritan prove their unity even by a diver- 
sity. I use the terms, henceforth within these limits, as in- 
terchangeable. 

The actual settlement of the town of Sandwich dates 
from April 3, 1637, when as appears from Plymouth records 
" it is also agreed by the court that these ten men of Saugus, 
Edmund Freeman, Henry Feake, Thomas Dexter, Edward 
Dillingham, William Wood, John Carman, Richard Chad- 
well. William Almyi, Thomas Tupper and George Knott 
shall have liberty to view a place to sit down and have suffi- 
cient lands for threescore families, upon the conditions pro- 
pounded to them by the governor and Mr. Winslow." On- 
ly three of these names, Freeman, Dillingham and Tupper, 
still appear here. The same year came fifty other under- 
takers, as the new citizens were called, chiefly from Lynn, or 
Saugus, Duxbury and Plymouth, most of them bringing their 
families, and a Pilgrim Church was set up the same year un- 
der the care of Rev. William Leverich. The names of these 
men which are still here are, Allen, Besse, Blackwell, Bod- 
fish, Bourne, Briggs, Burgess, Ewer, Fish, Hallett, Harlow, 
Hoi way. Landers, Nye, Skiffe, Wing. In a list of persons 
between the age of sixteen and sixty liable in 1643 to bear 
arms, these other Sandwich names appear, Ellis, Gibbs, 
Swift. In 1654 in a subscription for building a town mill 
first appear the names Tobey, Bassett. The next year 
(1655) in a subscription to build a new church appears the 
name of Perry. The Popes I think came later on; the Fes- 
sendens at the settlement of their ancestor Rev. Benjamin 
Fessenden in 1722, and are, as they well know, out of Kent. 
Freeman sums up this matter of the permanency of names, so 
far as it has any scientific value by saying, " the names of 
some fifteen of the earliest settlers have with the addition of 



28 

a few others, soon succeeding, been the prevailing patronym- 
ics to the present day." 

A trading post, not a settlement, had been established 
in the west part of Sandwich at Manomet as early as 1627 
for facilitating trade between Plymouth and the Dutch of 
New York and in that year the Dutch Secretary De Razier 
had paid a visit to Plymouth in a business way, going by 
Scusset Harbor and bringing sugar, linen stuffs etc. Pieces 
of glass bottles are the chief relics of late years which have 
been picked up at this fort; a homely fact which illustrates 
probably the Dutch, — and possibly the English. 

This town was incorporated and became a civic part of 
Plymouth Colon} in 1639, some two years after its actual 
settlement and the same year sent its deputies to assist in 
the Pilgrim government. In order of time it was the fourth 
town in the Colony. The reason why the incorporation of 
this town was thus delayed, as against usage, was probably 
this, allowing for the caution and tenacity with which the 
Plymouth people always held to their vested rights in their 
own territory, the jealousy with which they shared them, and 
the need there was in their political crises which were al- 
ways upon them, to look out that no set of men, hostile to 
their colonial policy, should have any hand in ruling, as an 
incorporated town would have, — the men who came here first, 
were not only men from abroad in Massachusetts Bay, but 
as affairs in the earlier years of this town shows, men resolute, 
self-reliant, impatient of restraint, even beyond ordinary Pil- 
grim measure; men who would make their own mark and 
swear by it at whatever cost, and who did put their mark up- 
on this town and left it there till now. I fancy they came 
here to worship God and make money, thinking a frontier 
town, as this was, a singularly convenient and likely place 
wherein to be let alone. That is why the incorporation of 
this town was two years late. Miles Standish ran the lines 
of this town when Plymouth ordered it to be laid out — that 
mysterious and incongruous Pilgrim of whom Hubbard writes 
" A little chimney is soon on fire, so was the Plymouth Cap- 
tain, a man of very small statue yet of a very hot and an- 
gry temper." It is safe to say that the lines were run exact- 
ly as Miles saw fit. 



29 

I may not su[)pose that there were omens in it, but the 
fact is that the settlement of this town was preceded by a 
storm and followed by an earthquake ! I quote the storm from 
Gov. Bradford to show you one color on the laud to which 
your forefathers came. "In 1635 a mighty storm, sea rose 
twenty feet and many climb into the trees. Blew down 
many thousands of trees, tearing up the stronger by the roots, 
breaking the higher pines in the middle and winding small 
oaks and walnuts of good size, as withes. It began south- 
east and parted towards the south and east and veered sun- 
dry ways. The wrecks of it will remain a hundred years." 
The shock of the earthquake, June 1, 1638, "was so violent 
in some places that movables in houses were thrown down 
and people out of doors could scarcely retain a position on 
their feet." 

How exactly our fathers reached this town, then a wild, 
we cannot say. Any bulky furniture of theirs must have 
come by sea, and probably into Scusset harbor, since years 
after, both Sandwich and Plymouth are complained of for 
not keeping the road between them suitable for man and 
horse. Wagons there were none, and years after the settle- 
ment, before we were blessed with a mill, there were 
Sandwich folk who trudged all the way to Plymouth town 
and back with a sack of corn to grind, and as late as Judge 
Sewall's time the travel was on horseback and most of the 
way, along the beach at the foot of yonder sand bluffs. It 
may reasonably be supposed that most — men and women 
and children with their cattle, came along the Indian trail 
and would get their first view of their new home somewhere 
at the curve of the Cape, in the neighborhood of the pres- 
ent meeting house in Sagamore. 

Most were no doubt on foot, some women with babes, 
on pillions and a swarm of little folks, boys and girls on foot, 
tired and dusty, yet alert and wonderful at the trail and 
what lay at the end. People who go to the front or the 
frontier in this world, must endure hardness and the Puri- 
tan emigrant seldom flinched from a toil or a foe. The Rev. 
Stephen Bachelder, at the age of seventy-six, travelled the 
whole distance from Lynn to Yarmouth, more than a hun- 
dred miles, at an inclement season of the year, on foot, 



30 

a weary, restless spirit, ever liable to Puritan wrath and ever 
ready with a return blow, dying excommunicate at eighty. 

Now in imagination let us stand aside, with uncovered 
head, while this group of our forefathers and foremothers 
take their first survey of what is to become their home. We 
shall not disturb or distract their emotion with voice or vis- 
ion, wrapped about as we are with the veil of two hundred and 
fifty years. What do they see? On their left the same sea 
which then as now, washes the shores of the England they 
have left — King over this globe's two-thirds, and vassal 
prone as the highway of the people to the mastery of 
the generations of those " who go down to the sea in ships." 
Before them — first the north contour of the Cape circling 
east and north in its mighty arc, until lost in the grey mists 
beyond ; — next the walls and buttresses of the white beaches 
with here and there great patches of timber on them — then 
the salt marshes with their creeks winding at flood tide like 
silver threads to the harbour, very much as they do now ; — 
and everywhere else around, the wild, the unbroken forest 
crowning the hill ridges which create and back the amphi- 
theatre in which your town is set, a forest then so stately 
that for generations after, men on horseback shall ride 
through it unhindered; — no house, no church spire to greet, 
not a cleared field, no home except it be the wigwam whose 
smoke through the wigwam's top, rises thin and blue against 
the pine leaves ; solitude, — no movement of man or beast, ex- 
cept it be when a deer or wolf crosses their trail or an In- 
dian slinks away from this humble cavalcade of pale faces, or 
an eagle floats lazily over Sagamore hill and the white 
winged gulls at your harbour's mouth, restless and queru- 
lous as ever, these and liberty. 

While they look, let us look at them. Believe me it is 
a singular spectacle. I invite now no man to look upon it 
who does not reverence man in history ; no one who is indif- 
ferent to that awful genesis of humanity by which the men of 
the East have attained to this empire of civilization in the 
West. Base indeed would he be who would enjoy a civiliz- 
ation won by the sacrifices and heroisms of his ancestors and 
forgot them at the feast. First of all then who are these 
men and women in this sand trail, facing this wild? Of 



31 

what stock are they ? — since blood in men and brutes always 
counts and accounts for conduct and careers. They are of 
English stock. What is that? All that is, no man can tell 
you. These men and women — white emigrants in the red 
man's land are by origin Asiatics ; of a barbarian stock out 
of that teeming cradle of Central Asia, north of the Him- 
alaya mountains — whence in three great migrations — 
Celtic, Teutonic, Slavonic — came the peoples of Central and 
Northern Europe. These people are of the second — the 
Teutonic hordes, kin to the German tribes on whom Caesar 
tried the short swords of his legions, and who after defeats 
smote down the latter Roman Empire to build upon its ruins 
in a thousand years a better ; — strangely mixed too with 
that kindred Norse or Scandinavian blood of North Europe, 
the sailor blood I take it, of modern ages — that Danish blood 
out of the Viking's ships which ravished North England 
many times to a desert and then repeopled it ; the blood of that 
William Conqueror and his Normans made a trifle more gra- 
cious in sunny Normandy, who eight hundred years ago with 
men in his ranks with names still heard in your streets, upon 
that hill ridge at Hastings and near that ancient apple tree 
of history, late in that unsparing battle where with locked 
shields the Saxons had stood and won all day, until the up- 
shot arrows of the Normans down falling with fate upon 
their proud but stricken heads, broke at evening through 
their fence, smote down Saxon England, to give her the new 
dynasty of the Plantagenets and perhaps a grander future ; 
yes — that blood so stubborn, wilful, proud and masterful, 
that when the same William Conqueror was carried to his 
grave, a common Norman man stood forth, forbidding burial, 
because that grave was dug in his father's land, which this 
King had, against law, taken : that blood so law-abiding, that 
they who bore the corpse yielded to justice and bought, with 
the King's money, an honest grave elsewhere, that England's 
conqueror might share a clemency never to be denied the 
poorest Saxon serf who wore that day his master's Norman 
collar — as our dogs do — Danish, Norman, Saxon, Teu- 
tonic — English blood. 

Do you wonder that such a stock has succeeded in 
New England — always — that these people here did build 



32 

and maintain this town ? Do you wonder that this blood 
to-day is liable to its outbreaks, arrogancies — and sometimes 
cruelties, as in King Phillip's war? Do you wonder that in 
every generation of Sandwich — in your town meetings — 
which are the Alltings of the Teutonic races — the gather- 
ings of all the people — men have stood to their " Yea " or 
their "Nay" until the sun went down and the meeting went 
home, leaving the moderator and the town clerk to despair ? 
Or that inside and outside your meeting-houses, men and 
women have wrangled over mysteries that no man knows 
and few men have even studied, with a self assertion only 
justifiable in the Infallible? 

How came then these men and women here ? What 
urged this singular, this dominant blood to emigrate across 
the Atlantic ocean and hide itself in a wilderness ? Let un- 
friendly critics answer what they like — vagrancy, lust of 
money, lust of power, incompatibility of temper as to other 
men, divorcing them from their native church and state — 
anything they choose or dare. I explain the why of their 
presence by saying that these men and women are Puritans. 
What is a Puritan ? The answer should be cautious, because 
in it one finds the key to the history of our republican insti- 
tutions, so far, and of many things otherwise hard to be un- 
derstood in the history of Plymouth Colony. Well then, — 
before the year 1300, that is before the printing press or the 
discovery of America, there were in North England a sing- 
ular set of men, of reformers we will say, called Lollards. 
All the great English reforms, they say, have come from 
North England, thanks perhaps to the Norse blood so plenty 
there. These Lollards were bred apparently in the homes 
of plain English country folk, and the head of them appears 
in history as John Wickliffe, priest at Luttersworth. How 
these men came no man exactly knows. "• The wind bloweth 
where it listeth and we hear the sound thereof but cannot 
tell whence it cometh or whither it goeth." This body of 
English folk, 150 years before the reformation, made revolt 
against the church and, when punished by the secular au- 
thorities, grew bitter against the state. Indeed I know no 
bitterness in religious controversy so acute as theirs. Their 
tracts, copied with the pen and scattered through the land, 



and of late years made accessible to us in the publications 
of the Camden society, are chiefly wails and curses. The 
poems of Piers Plowman and of early English poets 
are colored with the like temper. The trend of their 
movement may be seen in the fact, that their great leader, 
Wickliffe, translated, for the first time, the Bible into Eng- 
lish. The movement was wild, often unled, given to falling 
into grotesque theories of communism, and into ways of 
thought which most sober minds to this day are unable to 
accept — the outbreak of a deep-seated instinct of the North 
England mind, veiled and limited by its ignorance — but yet 
an undoubted factor in the lives of the common people of 
England from before 1300 A. D. to the reformation in the 
16th century. It was the men of this strain and of the com- 
mon people who, in the English reformation, still under the 
ban of English law, gave unexpected aid to sovereigns and 
great reforming prelates, less sincere and worthy often 
than themselves, and who never flinched from the stake or axe 
in maintaining reform. These men now found themselves rein- 
forced by new allies out of the upper classes, who proceeded 
to clarify the hot, fermenting and clouded liquor of their 
strange religious zeal with the learning of Cambridge and 
Oxford. In these Lollards lay the root of English Puritan- 
ism, and in the reign of Elizabeth the name Puritan appears 
to cover them all. It will be readily seen that LoUardism 
was a revolt against two corporate bodies — the English 
Church and the English State who punished for the Church; 
a refusal of the relations heretofore existing between the 
people and these corporate bodies; a demand for a new valu- 
ation of man as man; and for a new adjustment of every 
human being with those two great bodies, — ecclesiastical 
and political, which had dominated Englishmen from time im- 
memorial. It was inevitable in such a movement that the 
claims of the individual man should be magnified and multi- 
plied ; that he who had been governed was now to rule, and 
that the questionable grace and health, which had heretofore 
descended to him from a long line of kings and bishops, should 
now ascend from him, and that if thrones were to stand, the 
man upon it must represent the people and not a dynasty — 
a radical theory of pure democracy based upon a religious 



34 

instinct, wise or otherwise, as time will tell. Here then was the 
root of English Puritanism. It is true that the new learn- 
ing and the new accessions to the old cause of the Lollards 
both checked and colored it, and that too not altogether 
wisely. For instance, the new Puritans of Elizabeth's age 
had accepted for their religious philosophy, the system of 
the foreigner and Frenchman Calvin, whose doctrine of elec- 
tion, to wit, that only the church of God could be on earth 
the sons of God, narrowed the broader Lollard doctrine that 
every man, because he is a man, is a son of God. Upon this 
doctrine of election both Pilgrim and Puritan built liis com- 
monwealth and upon the wider basis, the Lollard temper in 
Quaker, Baptist, and all who resented the standing order 
which ruled men who were not allowed to rule themselves, 
protested until all men became equal before the law which is 
for all men. If there be any other than a surface distinction 
between Pilgrim and Puritan, it is that there was more of 
the old England Lollard temper at Plymouth than at Boston. 
This was the ancient treasure brought in earthen vessels — 
the Anglo Saxon idea of a pure democracy in Church and 
State and this is why our ancestors are standing in an In- 
dian trail — pilgrims to a wild which by their virtue they 
will make a shrine for all their generations. Let them pass 
on to their toil. They do not know all this. They have no 
idea that they are anything else than tired folk seeking a 
home. So often in our humble affairs the gods go with us 
and yet we think ourselves alone. 

The story of the town life of Sandwich, from 1639 till 
to-day may, as a matter of mere convenience, be divided in- 
to these four periods : I. From the incorporation of the 
town as a part of Plymouth Colony to the absorption of that 
colony into the Province of Massachusetts in 1692; II. From 
1692, until the Revolution, 1776; III. The Revolution pe- 
riod 1776-1783; IV. From 1783 to 1889. 

Some preparation had probably been made beforehand 
for the reception of these Pilgrim families — possibly some 
temporary booths, as the sheds are sometimes called in the 
old records, but we have no information. The farms had 
been allotted to each proprietor and each would go to his own 
as soon as possible. It is a tradition, and a certainty, that 



36 

most halted a mile or so west of your present town centre in 
the neighborhood of what we ail know as the Freeman place, 
and along what is now the back road, which runs north and 
westerly near Town Neck towards Sagamore. Some of your 
oldest houses and best lands are still there. As one in these 
days coming along these roads to your town sees over the hill- 
tops the chimneys and spires of Sandwich, and reflects that 
hereabouts were the first homes, one is reminded of that an- 
cient scripture so dear to the Puritan mind, " And he led the 
flock to the backside of the desert and came to the moun- 
tain of God, even to Horeb." 

That they set to work speedily to clear, each man his 
own farm, may go without saying. It may not be without 
interest to note, in passing, the origin of your titles to your 
real estate here. In brief it was thus : the English crown 
claimed sovereignty here on the ground that its subjects had 
discovered the country — a rather flimsy title, one would say, 
but exceedingly convenient if the crown wished more land, 
and one then in vogue in Europe. Plymouth Colony inher- 
ited, so to speak, under the crown. But having a conscience, 
our fathers thought it fit to extinguish the title of the In- 
dians, whom they found in possession, by purchase from the 
Indian chiefs in form of an English deed. Whether they 
paid less or more, the transaction was orderly, and Governor 
Winslow's words in 1675 will stand as history, ''Before the pres- 
ent trouble" (King Philip's War) broke out, the English did 
not possess one foot of land in the colony but what was 
fairly obtained by honest purchase of the Indian proprietors." 
Whether the Indian knew what he was selling, and thought 
to sell only a right, common to both parties, to fish, hunt and 
dwell in the land, as his fathers had, is quite another ques- 
tion, which, in King Philip's War, was settled with the sword, 
quite as our Civil War settled some things without appeal. 
Our forefathers certainly knew what they bought. From 
Plymouth Colony the Sandwich settlers bought, upon plain 
conditions and a fixed price, their right to the town, as propri- 
etors, each receiving land allotments according to what he 
paid, certain lands remaining in common, under control of the 
town, and as need was, divided among the citizens in the same 
ratio. The way your Town Neck is held to-day, is, I sup- 



36 

pose, one of the last relics in New England of lands so held 
in common. No man could be a citizen but a church mem- 
ber, and church members might be cold or strange. From 
this, you may see, why both Sandwich and the colony would 
be very careful who were made citizens here, and why, if they 
differed, as to who should be citizens, as they did, there would 
be trouble, as there was. Everybody, parson as well as peo- 
ple, bought and sold land, which ranged from a shilling an 
acre, both up and down. In dividing estates among heirs a 
large piece of poor land was balanced by a small piece of 
good land and due allowance was made for ponds which went 
for nothing, and real estate in those days found a brisk mar- 
ket. The very next year after the incorporation of this town 
Andrew Hallett sold his farm, near the tack factory and gave 
this deed, " I, Andrew Hallett, of Sandwich, have sold unto 
Daniel Wing of the same town, and to his heirs and assigns 
forever my dwelling house in Sandwich with three acres of 
land joining to it and the corn now growing upon it, with the 
cow house (barn). It lieth between the land of George 
Shawson and William Newland ; and two acres of land at 
Scusset ; and five acres of planting land near Spring Hill ; 
and four acres, wanting one quarter, of meadow near the 

Pine Neck and one acre and a half, lying in the Neck, 

being yet undivided : with all commons and all pasture and 
all profits and appertinences whatsoever, thereto pertaining. 
Witness my hand this twenty -eighth of July, one thousand 
six hundred and forty." He makes his mark — the witnesses 
are Edward Dillingham and John Wing and the clerk of rec- 
ord is Thomas Tupper. 

How our fathers managed to clear their farms, build 
their houses, and worship God on the Sabbath day, all in one 
life-time, is a mystery. They had pluck and stuck. That 
Barnstable woman, a widow, on record, who, at seventj^-five 
years of age breaking up a piece of new land and holding her- 
self the plow, and when brought up against a stump, and thrown 
by the shock quite over it, yet recovering herself and going on 
as usual, is perhaps an extreme type of the people, who 
cleared Sandwich fields. No one, I think of the earliest 
houses here, or on the Cape now remains, a fact which would 
seem to show that these houses were rather frail structures. 



37 

The fact that in 1644 the Sandwich meeting-house was called 
''old" and had to be repaired is sufficient proof. The houses 
of which we have account were generally set by compass, 
north and s(juth, with the front south for the winter sun, and 
so on clear days serving as a sundial to mark noon, (for tliere 
were no watches) or on a south-easterly hill slo[)e away from 
the wind and near a spring, and were of two grades, accortl- 
ing to the wealth of their builders. The poorer class of 
houses were all small, substantially of one room with a fire- 
place, in the middle, an oven on the back side often built out 
doors, except when the house itself, as often happened, was 
built into the hill bank for warmth and security of the fire 
place, few windows and fewer doors and less furniture. The 
timber was cut in the woods and sawed by hand and the cost 
of a house was chiefl}^ the labor on it. The sill was laid on 
the ground, the floor was laid on sleepers below the sill which 
projected into the room all round, and served as a seat for 
children and to stow away household driftwood. Into this 
sill beam they bored two [)arallel rows of holes, some six 
inches apart. In these holes they set upright poles sharpened 
at either end, the upper end entering the plate above. They 
filled in the space between these poles with stones and clay 
to make firm walls and then they thatched the roof with 
what we call hereabouts "creek stuff" or "thatch." I 
should call a luuise like this a cabin — but it was not a "loo- 
cabni. m proof that this house penury is not over colored, 
I have only to cite from your own town records of 1650, 
when it was agreed upon by the town that there shall be a 
levy of £b for Mr. Leveridge " (the first minister) to pay 
for removing and parting of his house with boards which 
was long since promised to be done for him by the town." 
If the parson lived in substantially an unpartitioned barn, 
his parishioners probably fared no better. Such houses in- 
deed were not expensive. Andrew Hallett's house in Barn- 
stable in 1643 was "latched, thatched and daubed," as the 
phrase was, for =£5. Considering the greater purchasing 
power of money then, and yet this was a very cheap house. 
But perhaps I can better show you how the forefathers 
lived, hereabouts, by describing one of the better liouses built 
in Barnstable in I64'2 and taken down some sixty years ago 



38 

when the timbers were found to be as sound as ever. This 
was a larger house, 22 feet front ; 26 feet rear ; front room 16 
feet square ; low in the walls, with a summer beam across 
the front room, parallel with the front wall ; a kitchen back, 
and a bedroom in north-east corner, with low walls and floor 
some two feet above the other floors to make room for the 
cellar underneath. There was also a front chamber over the 
main room reached by a ladder and with a small fire-place in 
it. The rest, I fancy, above stairs, was garret. The front 
chamber was usually reached by a ladder and the kitchen 
back stairs were often a round pine log rising at an angle of 
some 45 degrees from the kitchen floor with cleats nailed on 
it or notches made in it, by which people mounted to their 
beds under the eaves. Persons proposing that feat of life and 
limb, ought to have had clear heads and to have been home 
early. The walls of a house like this were built very much 
as those I have heretofore described. But there was no plas- 
tering in any house hereabouts till after 1700. Yet the daub- 
ing with clay would make a house comfortable. The fire- 
place was the main feature of all such old houses. It was 8 
feet wide, 4 feet deep and 5 1-2 feet high, so that a tall house- 
wife could go to her oven in the right-hand corner without 
stooping. There was a hook on each andii-on to hold the 
spit, on which to roast meats. The narrow mantle-piece of 
wood was the whole length of the fire-place and the broad 
hearth was of flat stones from the field. The chimney was 
of rough stones up to the chamber floor, and from thence of 
cobwork, i. e., of sticks fastened or framed together and 
daubed inside and out with clay and sometimes mortar. From 
the shell heaps of the Indians they made admirable lime, and 
laws were passed at an early date to prevent the carrying 
shells out of the colony for that purpose. There was no 
glass in these houses, but oiled paper was used instead. The 
front roof was always shorter than the back ; the second story 
often projected over the first in a broad cornice. They were 
often added to by Cayitos. The house I last described, in 
1825 covered more than four times its original ground. Bet- 
ter houses in rare cases came in, as men had more money and 
more leisure, before 1700. Bricks of a very large size 
made their appearance, and sawed lumber from Scituate, 



39 

where were saw mills ; diamond-shaped glass, set in lead; front 
stairs, and sound, fat chimneys, plaster, wood finish and more 
rooms. Yet there are few houses, even of this later date, re- 
maining either in Barnstable or Sandwich. Perhaps the 
Bourne house, fronting your connnon, built, I suppose, by 
Hon. Meltiah Bourne, who married in 1692-93, for his bride, 
probably about that time, is as good a specimen as any ex- 
tant in this town. The old square, fat, dignified houses 
about your lower mill pond and along the Falmouth road are 
all, I take it, after 1700, and some after the Revolution. It is 
a great pity that specimens of our old houses cannot be pre- 
served in every Pilgi-im town, if necessary, at the public ex- 
pense and oversight as public monuments. Posterity will 
miss them bitterly; and neither they nor we can re-create the 
Pilgrim antiquity. 

Now a word as to your ancient meeting-houses. Your 
first meeting-house, several times repaired, was rather small, 
looked probably very much like a thatched barn, with oiled 
paper windows and wooden shutters ; and all traces of it have 
disappeared. It stood near the site of the present meeting- 
house of the first parish ; was used, as was the house which 
succeeded it, for your town meetings, which opened with 
prayer, as did all the military drills, and was the centre of 
the town activities. In front of it and at the junction of the 
roads was the market place where bargains were made, goods 
delivered or exchanged. The old market place very much 
resembles the one at Plymouth, and the one at Barnstable at 
the west foot of Meeting House Hill, at the junction of 
roads there, and looks at least in size and location very much 
as any market place in the country towns of England of 
that date. House building of all kinds improved as property 
accumulated, and your second meeting-house on the sanie 
site was a much better and larger building erected in 1756. 
After all its enlargements and during all its j'ears it looked 
the very beau ideal of a Puritan meeting house — certainly 
as broad as long and must have been a comfortable homelike 
structure. The plan shows galleries and doors on three sides 
— the pews were square with seats on hinges so as to be 
lifted up when the worshippers stood in prayer, two tables, I 
suppose for hynni books, in the middle, the deacon's §eat uu- 



40 

der the pulpit, with square pews each side the pulpit, and 
round the four sides of the house ; to the honor of our fore- 
fathers, behind the front or transverse aisle before the pulpit, 
and running the whole width of the building, on the right of 
the main aisle, as one looked from the pulpit, seats for aged 
women, and on the left, seats for aged men. The galleries 
were also rich in aisles with square pews round the sides 
with front seats for men and women, divided as below. The 
male and female singers sat in the choir separate in the same 
order, at the end opposite the pulpit and the two corner pews 
farthest from the pulpit, with the like division of the sexes, 
were given over to Indians, negroes and mulattoes. After the 
enlargement of 1756, the pews, having sold for more than the 
outlay, a steeple was ordered, and a new bell ; also that 
doors be put to the seats below ; curtains be placed at such 
v/indows as are exposed to the sun, and that a place be pro- 
vided for the colored people, that they be not allowed to sit 
below, or on the stairs. Mordecai Ellis and Joshua Fish were 
appointed " to take care of the young people who are often 
very rude on the Lord's day, and when any do offend return 
them to a Justice of the Peace to be dealt with according to 
the law." It appears that two young misses were fined in 
1767 for laughing in meeting, and afterward upon petition 
the town remitted the penalty. I need only to mention as I 
paas on, the meeting-house built at Scusset about 1725, the 
fruits of a very curious schism in Sandwich parish, parts of 
which, not long ago, served as a barn door in Pocasset, and 
the timbers of the building, some time after 1800, were used 
to build the meeting-house on the hill at upper Pocasset. 

I wish, however, to point out the fact, novel to some of 
you, that the first meeting-house built in the English fashion, 
that is of sound and lasting material, was one curiously 
enough, for the Indians at Herring River, on that sporadic 
hill standing alone, and backing west on the river where are 
still rows of Indian graves in the grass, and the foundation 
lines of this house still visible, built at the expense of Judge- 
Samuel Sewall, of Boston, by Edward Milton, carpenter, and 
under the supervision of Capt. Thomas Tupper, then and 
long after a missionary to the Indians. The description and 
details of this building are in the Diary and Letter Book of 



41 

Judge Sewall, lately published by the Massachusetts Histori- 
cal Society. Let me read a few extracts. 

Sept. 26, 1687. To Edward Milton, carpenter at Sandwich. 

Capt. Thos. Tupper tells me that he hath bargained with you to 
build a convenient, comfortable meeting-house for the natives at 
Sandwich ; the dimensions about four and twenty foot in length, 
about eighteen foot broad, with two galleries to be finished for 
thirty pounds, not above one-third in money. Now if it may in any 
way forward the work, I do engage that upon the finishing of the 
work, you shall not miss of your pay. I am your friend and servant, 

Samuel Sewall. 

April 13, 1688, Elder Chipman visits me and tells me that the 
Indian meeting-house at Sandwich is raised. 

To Mr. Edward Milton, July 9, 1688. 

I received yours of the 3d inst. In answer to it, say that 
upon Capt. Tupper's sending me word that the house is ceiled as it 
ought to be, I will pay you five and twenty shillings in money to you 
or to your order. If it be not well filled between the clapboards and 
the ceiling, I doubt the house will be cold. 

S. S. 
Dec. 3, 1690. 

Writ to Edward Milton at Sandwich to finish the meeting- 
house there, by making and well hanging the doors, clapboarding in 
the inside well and filling the walls with shavings or other suitable 
matter for warmth, making the gallery stairs ; and I would pay him 
40s money. Writ to Mr. Faunce, of Plymouth, and Jno. Otis of 
Barnstable, to glaze well the meeting-house which Capt. Tupper 
saith is about 60 foot of glass and I would pay in money as glaziers 
are paid in Boston. Capt. Tupper to certify that the work was done. 

N. B. Send 1000 of clapboards nails. 

Sept. 14, 1 69 1. 

Writ to Capt. Thomas Tupper to hasten finishing the meeting- 
house. Inclosed Edward Milton's affidavit. 

Standing thus among the old meeting-houses reminds us 
that in our Pilgrim civilization, the church was the very heart 
of the state, and so far as the Pilgrim conscience set things 
spiritual above things material, the state existed for the 
church, and for a time there was the most intimate union 
of church and state known in history. This fact of a churcli 
so dominant, colors the whole civic life of ancient Sandwich 



42 

and determined its mnnicipal regulations. The Puritan, 
after he had made a hiw, enforced it, on the ground that any 
law become a dead letter on the statute book, helps kill 
respect for law. Several of the leading men of this town, 
not two years after its settlement, and scattered on farms all 
tlie way from Sagamore to Scorton Hill, were fined for not 
wiring their swines' snout ; not because the swine had done 
mischief, but that the law might suffer no damage. These 
fines were paid. It was ordered that any person denying the 
scriptures to be a rule of life should be flogged at the discre- 
tion of the magistrates, saving only life and limb. The law 
fined in the Colony a man 10s. for drinking overmuch; 12s. 
for a man's smoking on the highway ; 30s. for Sabbath break- 
ing and set one hour in the stocks ; for working on Sunday, 
a man was whipped severely at the whipping post ; a man 
for selling beer at two pence per quart, worth only one, was 
presented by the Grand Jury ; while yet another, for selling 
a pair of boots and spurs for 15s. which cost him only 10s., 
was fined 30s. Laws like these enforced in some towns now, 
would, I fancy, make several empty purses and sore backs- 
There was a law in both colonies substantially to this effect; 
" Whereas divers person unfit for marriage, both in regard to 
their years and also their weak estate, (that is, too young and 
lacking shekels) some practising the inveighling of men's 
daughters, and maids under guardianship, contrary to their 
parents and guardians liking, and of maid servants without 
liberty of their masters ; therefore, it is decreed that if any 
man make motion of marriage to any man's daughter or 
maid, without first obtaining leave of her parents, guardian 
or master, he shall be punished by fine not exceeding £5 
(the price of a cow) or corporal punishment, or both, at the 
discretion of the court." I suppose a law like this made 
trouble for the callow swains, but must have been a real com- 
fort to the Pilgrim matrons with marriageable daughters. 
That law also was put in force, even in the case of a govern- 
or's daughter. There was no law against the daughters pro- 
posing. Then as now they were a law unto themselves. 
There was also a Sandwich law forbidding a young man to 
marry unless he had killed his quota of blackbirds, demanded 
by the town. That was a hard one — for the birds and the 



43 

young man also. I have always pitied him going out afield 
with his gun. Birds and a wife or no birds and no wife ; so 
the law said. How could he shoot straight, so perturbed ! 
I am sure — was he not a Pilgrim? — that he got his birds 
and she smiled on her husband. Old men over 70 years of 
age were excused from the blackbirds. 

Let me make these blackbirds the text for a digression. 
Unfriendly critics are always saying that the Puritans were a 
quarrelsome set and given to war. Suppose they were. 
Was there not a cause ? They had quarrelled with an an- 
cient church and crown, but unless our American democracy 
is a mistake, they took therein sides with man and his great 
destiny. Here in New England, the Puritan was by fate, a war- 
rior ; always either preparing arms or using them. Why 
not ? On this sea-board, going out with his vessel on the 
high seas often, never in those days vacant of pirates, he 
was exposed at home and on his voyage to the fate of war, 
on every occasion when the British crown involved itself in 
a struggle with Dutch, French or Spaniard. He was alone 
on the edge of the sea, and England three thousand miles 
away, in an unknown wilderness, peopled with savages, strong 
tribes of which dwelt almost at his door. Is it any wonder 
that Edmund Freeman gave twenty corslets of steel to his 
townsmen, or that Sandwich in time of peace and in its pov- 
erty, agreed to pay butter and meal to the man going to buy 
them arms? If at any time, prior to the end of the last 
French war, they had disarmed or forgot to drill, they would 
have been reckless beyond any measure of common prudence, 
and even then, the rumble of the coming Revolution was 
heard by the wiser sort. I am not ready to deny that a 
weaker race, like the French or Spanish might not have suc- 
cessfully encountered any one of the distresses, which the 
Puritan underwent. Their colonial history shows that they 
never could have conquered them all. The Puritan carried 
about with him a heavy pack of trials. Take the vermin 
and enemies of his crops for instance. Wild pigeons in 
flocks, blackbirds, then as now, clamorous and greedy, wolves 
more than enough, foxes to kill his lambs, and the forest 
teeming with multitudes of meaner brutes, by day and night 
gnawing away at his success in farming ; and he killed right and 



44 

left, whatever in land or water molested him, as grimly and 
industriously as though he were in a eanipaign. In the year 
1792 all the men of this town were called out to hunt a 
wolf. The Spanish coh)nists over the southern half of this 
western continent succumbed to the overplus of the land's 
natural riches and became shiftless and lazy. The Puritan 
wrestled with an adverse soil and climate, to live and grow 
rich in a society full of frugality, industry and economic 
foresight, — moulding his circumstance to his will. Is it any 
wonder that, in this constant strife for life, he was sometimes 
hard, stiff-necked, wilful or even cruel 'r* "■ No man," said 
Goethe, '' should judge another until he has stood in his 
place." Again ; they blame the Puritan that he did not affil- 
iate with the Indians as the French in Canada, or even the 
Spaniards did. Well, they have the hopeless mixed race of 
the peons in Mexico, and the half-breeds in Canada. One 
thing, at least, is true of the Puritans, except those of the 
baser sort. He was too proud of his blood to taint it. He 
carried himself with a haughty reserve in his intercourse 
with the friendly but abject race which was about him, but 
he never incurred the danger, so frequently seen in history, 
where the inferior race subdues the civilization of its con- 
querors by an admixture of servile blood. It is not the 
least of his virtues that the Puritan left New England to the 
English. 

The Pilgrim had a great respect for the laws, for he 
made them, and in them, he respected his own sober judg- 
ment. The same respect for law to this day, abides deep- 
seated in the men of that stock. If the Pilgrim law could 
punish, it could also protect, and our forefathers always 
stood upon their rights. If a man would plough across his 
neighbor's line, there was either a lawsuit or an arbitration. 
Dexter, who built your first mill sued Gov. Endicott in his 
own colony for striking him, and at the ISIarch term of court 
in 1648-49 he had eight cases, and recovered in seven. The 
same Dexter held out six years against the town of Barnsta- 
ble, as to his rights on Scorton Neck, and gained his case but 
lost money. 1 may as well illustrate the current temper of 
your ancestors in law matters by quoting Gov. Endicott's 
answer to the court in Boston, 1631. " I hear I am com- 



45 

plained of by goodman Dexter, for striking him, understand- 
ing since, it is not lawful for a Justice of the Peace to strike. 
But if you had seen the manner of his carriage, with such 
daring of me, with his arms akimbo, it would have provoked 
a very patient man. He has given out, if I had a purse he 
would make me empty it, and if he cannot have justice here, 
he will do wonders in England ; and if he cannot prevail 
there, he will try it out with me here at blows. If it were 
lawful for me to try it at blows, and he a fit man for me to 
deal with, you would not hear me complain." In the last 
sentence of the governor's, you may see what I am calling the 
English bloodgoing close to dominating the Puritan creed. 
Dexter recovered from Gov. Endicott £10 as damages. 
Your forefathers were always jealous of their town limits. 
If there was any trouble with Barnstable, as there was at 
Scorton, the towns sent trusty men promptly to the ground 
travelled over it, argued it, settled it on the spot or referred 
it. Sandwich folk put themselves in the place of the King 
in the matter of drift whales — whales then abounding in 
yonder bay. These whales belonged from time immemorial 
to the crown. Plymouth claimed them as such ; but Sand- 
wich took them — divided the profits among the townsmen 
— later on gave them by town vote, to their pastor. Rev. 
Rowland Cotton, as part of his salary, just as they voted the 
revenue they derived from a tax on mackerel to the support 
of the public schools. All this, you see, was only a Primary 
school to teach their posterity, when time was Revolution 
against George III. I have said before as much — this Pil- 
grim or Puritan had come in six hundred years to think that 
a man — a human being — a soul, is a divine unit, a holy 
molecule for which all things were, never to be abated in his 
privilege, and over whom, by an eternal fitness, there should 
be but one sovereign — God, and under him he would inherit 
liberty as a birthright. 

The economic and every-day phases of the old Sandwich 
life, as they show across two centuries and a half are pictur- 
esque and many-colored, not a few high-colored. An old 
race in a new land is apt to beget strong contrasts, and it was 
so here. Into or through this town have come and gone men 
of high station, out of old lands, and the story of their lives, 



46 

if we could read it, would sound like the wildest romance. 
There are names of citizens, on your old records, like that of 
Garrett, which connect themselves, as the student of history 
perceives at a glance, with some of the bitterest passages of 
the English Reformation. The name of Dorsetshire, for in- 
stance, in a genealogical table of any family of this town, 
opens the gate to a flood of meditation. Upper Cape Cod 
was full of the men of Kent, to the student of history a fact 
leading to some singular speculations. I wish, just here, to 
point out one curious felicity, if it may be called so, in the 
mixed but English population of the Old Colony. Every 
English shire, as is well known, in the old days had its own 
peculiar customs, legends and folklore coloring its social life. 
But here our people were out of all the shires and by conse- 
quence here was a singular medley of legends, superstitions, 
old saws, household customs and furniture, very interesting 
to the student curious in such matters. There are those now 
living, who touched a generation, believing in witches and the 
fabled gold of Capt. Kidd, in elves and fairies fond of moon- 
light and the grass rings afield, where was dancing not of 
this world — just as men believed in English cottages twenty 
centuries back. I have heard ancient women scare a naughty 
child into good behavior by the threat " I will send old Tilly 
after you," and I fancy that this somehow is out of the 
Thirty Years war in Germany where Count Tilly, as at 
Magdeburg, used the crudest sword of any upon German 
Protestants, and that so came this threat into the mouths of 
English mothers here and abroad. Nearly all these old cus- 
toms of speech and thought have passed away and are not re- 
corded. Their prototype and coi)y are undoubtedly still ex- 
tant in England or at least recorded in their local and shire 
histories. It is there, I take it, that tiiese more evanescent 
elements of our old Colonial life still left, must be explained 
and verified. 

There are at least two names still on this Cape, which 
illustrate a singular and sinister fact in English history ; 
Higgins and Kelly, both Irish names, A law was passed in 
the first year of William and Mary (1688) by which the in- 
dustries of Ireland were substantially wiped out. By conse- 
quence thousands of North of Ireland men emigrated to these 



47 

colonies, Higgins and Kelley Leing two of them. I fancy the 
Presbyterians of North Carolina, who proclaimed their in- 
dependence, sometime before the Continental Congress, were 
among the victims of this injustice, and that wlierever these 
emigrants were they were found implacable enemies of the 
English crown — another instance of the old saw that 
" curses like chickens fly home 'to roost." 

Let me sketch for you a brief picture of this old-time 
life and shade it with such colors as your records show. We 
will make it, if you like, the third day of September in al- 
most any year you choose, between 1650 and 1700. We will 
make it also — for we are masters of our own imagination, a 
yellow, hazy, autumn day, when the golden rod bends gra- 
ciously towards the late grasses and the Cape sky has put 
on its cool robe of liquid blue. We will stand in the rough 
square, fronting the meeting-house and watch what comes 
along, or is in sight. It is a little curt village round about. 
Houses there are among the hills and scattered at long in- 
tervals, from Sagamore hill to Scorton. Yet everybody likes 
to live near the mill, the market and the meeting. Perhaps 
we hear the rumble of the mill-wheel at the pond and know 
that the stream below is swift running over the old stones, as 
it has run for the amaze and joy of all the children of the town. 
We see the cattle are on Town neck, lazy and busy. The 
meeting-house has, for us, some rather singular embellish- 
ments. There is a wolf's head nailed up in plain sight, for 
all to see it. Wolves have troubled the fathers of this 
town not a little. They have thought to build a palisade 
wall from Scusset bluffs to Buzzards Bay, but on having had 
it proved to them that this wall will keep in more wolves 
than it will keep out, they have given up the plan. And 
here is coming along just now a squad of Mashpee Indians 
with a wolf's head among them, bareheaded, blanketed — 
one long heavy gun in the crowd, with plenty of bows and 
arrows, and a squaw with a papoose in a basket on her back, 
who has joined these hunters to share their good luck in a 
little white man's firewater, after they are paid the £2 this 
wolf's head calls for ol^i of the town treasur}-, which is never 
over full. They have had better luck than Benjamin Bodfish 
on the north side of Scorton hill, when he struck at a wolf 



48 

in his trap with a rotten clnb, and tlie wolf sprang at him, 
broken trap and all, so that only a swift dodge saves him a 
whole skin, or enables him ever to eat another dinner. The 
selectmen and hunters will keep at these wolves and have 
their hands full to boot, until the last Sandwich wolf is laid 
on the town hall steps, and your selectmen pay the last 
bounty in 1838. But in 1654 tJie Old Colony will bag nine- 
teen wolves; in 1655, 31; 9 in Barnstable; in 1690, 13; in 
1691, 19. 

There are also some curious machines we see near the 
meeting-house door. They are the stocks and whipping post; 
very useful furniture, our fathers thought, to hinder men 
from stealing chickens or their neighbors' provisions, to keep 
a scold's tongue quiet, or a lazy fellow from the work-house, 
or a mean man from beating his wife ; and besides, there is 
no county jail to send them to and pay their board out of 
the county tax. There is no punishment going on today — 
very few ever suffer so in any town of the Cape; but there 
are the implements to enforce the law, and woe to the offend- 
er. We shall, therefore, miss the crowd which would have 
assembled ; the constable with his sword and other badge of 
office — the grave, grim Pilgrim in his round hat, over his 
long hair, with dogs and some stray, mute Indians in the 
background. It gives us a good look into our forefathers' 
larders, as well as court matters, that one hungry thief took 
from a house, venison, beef, butter, cheese, bread and tobac- 
co, value, 12d, and was whipped at the post with 28s costs. 
This very week down Plymouth road came armed men, 
going down the Cape to look out for some shipwrecked pi- 
rates ; a family going the same way to settle, the big boys and 
men on foot ; and the other way went an Indian scout from 
an Eastham chief; two farmers, with a quarrel, to the court; 
an executor, with a will for probate, and sundry others. Since 
we have stood here there have passed a husband and wife on 
horseback, she on a pillion behind him (for there is not a 
carriage in the county) going up the Falmouth road, by the 
old Academy lot, to take the hill road to Barnstable town, on 
a visit to a married daughter who is ♦iick. And here comes 
two Puritan maidens, red cheeks, russet liands, good, whole- 
some, healthy girls, who helped their father in the late har- 



49 

vest ; with a red liood over the bh^nde hair, and were it (;(»ld- 
er, a red cloak of good honest wool homespun ; but in Sep- 
tember they wear a ligliter fabric, checked, the neatest of 
starched aprons, with a colored kerchief about the neck and 
crossed over the bust ; and other raiment not to be too closely 
inspected by masculine eyes at least — but anyhow, two young 
women who will do their share in building up this town. 
They are not laughing, and all the young men are afield — 
they are demure, self-contained, reticent, as Pilgrim maidens 
are. Sweet sleep and a happy future to them both. 

Of course there are other Pilgrim folk at home, of a 
more select toilet and strain. Madam Cotton, for instance, 
the parson's wife, with her relations with the Saltonstalls and 
Boston Cottons ; and dames like her, will have one elaborate 
silk and brocade dress, which they will devise to their eldest 
daughters for two or three generations. They have mourn- 
ing rings, not much jewelry, no silver forks nor any other ; 
but there is silver plate and more of it comes in as times pros- 
per, and this plate is like a bank book, easily turned into 
money. I doubt whether there is what we call a looking 
glass in the whole town. What the Puritan maidens substi- 
tuted for one is past my finding out ; for one of some sort 
most certainly they had, being Eve's daughters. I know, 
however, the most charming one hereabouts. It is the spring 
at the hill foot, near the house, when going like Rebecca to 
the well she may see in that clear mirror of living waters, 
with the throbbing white sand below, a Pilgrim maiden's 
face. Grace to the face, say I. Who would not like to have 
gone to the spring with such a charming foremother and 
brought back, with a bow, the pitcher, well paid with a smile ? 
Perhaps some fastidious descendant of such simplicity starts 
back from such rusticity in her ancestors. Since she will not 
start back in her own career, I take it, from her ancestors' 
perennial grace and virtue, 1 will soothe her pride with the 
assurance that few of that age in New England but were, so 
to speak, in the same boat. Gov. Dudley of Massachusetts 
Bay tells us that his ink freezes while he writes at his kitchen 
fire, and the Wintlirops, gentlemen above most, had often, 
not one candle to their name in Boston town, and were not 
below turning an envelope, sent them, inside out and return- 



60 

ing it, in lack of other paper, to some other correspondent. 
The world does move, and it moves on and up, Queen Elis- 
abeth would hold a bit of chicken in her fingers and after, 
throw the bone down among the rushes on the floor, though 
Burleigh and her cabinet were by, and typhus fever would 
come to England's palaces, as it had come, one fall, in her 
sister Mary's reign, when nearly the whole of the English 
episcopate died in consequence. Charlemagne was not as 
comfortably lodged at Tngleheim as many a mechanic in your 
town today, nor were the medieval barons fed as well as many 
a thrifty citizen of Sandwich now. The old days may be 
days of romance, but the full feast of creature comforts stands 
with us. 

Yet our ancestors insisted that every man and woman 
should keep his own place in his own class ; in this loyal to 
English custom but not to the Lollard drift. At one time 
there was only one man in this county ranked as a gentle- 
man, and entitled to be writ down Esquire. Only a few 
here were called Mr.; a few more are described as Goodman 
or Good woman So and So, and the rest as plain John Smith 
or Brown. It was very much later on — in fact since 1800, 
that a certain lady in a neighboring town held up both hands 
in holy horror because the blacksmith put on a Sunday suit 
of black, saying the times were out of joint, when a mechanic 
could wear a dress belonging to a class above him. I think 
there was a deal ofthis temper both at Sandwich and Barn- 
table, and that the division of your common lands, differing- 
as it did from your neighbors, especially shows it. 

The first great problem put to the Sandwich Pilgrim as 
a citizen of Plymouth Colony came to him in what are 
known as the Quaker troubles. I ask leave of the venerable 
Society of Friends, as they have always loved to call them- 
selves, to use a term which was given them as a reproach, but 
out of which the sting has long since gone. I use it with a 
gesture of life-long respect for a most peaceable and gracious 
body of men and women, whom I learned to honor long ago, 
and who have remained for generations here, and are held to 
be among our most worthy and thrifty citizens. I think that 
their Sandwich Quarterly meeting is almost the oldest in the 
world. The four great years of this bitterness were from 



51 

1657 to 1661 ; but the trouble was brewing long before 1656, 
when the first Quakers came to New England. Men of a cer- 
tain quality of mind were dissatisfied with the church rule 
which disfranchised so many. They did not like laws 
which, as they thought, were always needlessly hampering 
their personal behaviors. They wanted a more mellow and 
rounded life than that which Puritan fanaticism proposed, 
and were ready to join forces with any who would assist in 
change. The Quaker came and his theory of religion, un- 
dermined, if carried out, the whole civil and ecclesiastical 
polity of the Puritans. The men dissatisfied already, not 
Quakers, nor Puritans, according to men like Gov. Hinckley, 
welcomed them, or at least were averse to meddling with 
them. There were more Quaker troubles in Sandwich 
than in any other town in Plymouth Colony, not because 
the Sandwich men were more cruel (the exact opposite is 
true) but because there were more Quakers here. There were 
more Quakers here, partly because persecution begets sym- 
pathy and breeds converts, and Sandwich folk have never 
liked to be let or hindered by anyone. The greater part, many 
of the better kind especially, were averse to troubling them. 
My proof is that the Selectmen refused to oversee or order 
the flogging of them, and some, in consequence, were taken to 
Barnstable to undergo that punishment and that the Ply- 
mouth Court sent a stranger, George Barlow, to be marshal 
here, to carry out the law, and forced him as a citizen upon 
the town ; that Edmund Freeman, easily the first Sandwich 
man of his day, was left off seven years as an assistant, and 
others were put back from office, and above all the history of 
the Sandwich church, almost from the beginning. Mr. Lev- 
erick was minister — a peacable man and who must have 
been while in office, in harmony with the Plymouth officials, 
and who left his parish for Long Island, probably in order 
to get rid of the turmoil around him. Your next settled 
minister was Rev. John Smith, formerly of Barnstable, and 
later of Long Island, in 1676. The tradition in his family is 
that he went to Long Island because he would not 
persecute Quakers in the colony, and came to Sandwich be- 
cause this parish could settle nobody who had been implicated 
in these persecutions, and upon the explicit understanding 



52 

that he would lift no hand against them. On these two grounds 
rested the chronic struggle in the Sandwich church which 
went on almost to the Revolution viz : a general dissent on 
the part of some, from current Pilgrim politics, and a special 
aversion to harming Quakers ; as I put it, the English Lol- 
lard temper pitted against the narrower Genevan Calvinism. 
Of course the memory of the wrongs done here to the Quakers 
kept alive the bitterness and accounts for the general 
drift of church affairs in Sandwich. If I am asked, how, 
if Sandwich i)eople in general were averse to persecution, the 
Quakers suffered so much, the answer is, that on the first 
alarm the Plymouth authorities disfranchised every Quaker, 
and would allow no new citizen to be made here, except he 
sympathised with the persecutors, that the Sandwich church 
members at this time were not numerous, and finally, that it 
was inevitable, according to the law of chances, that the 
outside pressure should weigh down the scales in such a state 
of affairs, in favor of the standing order and persecution. 
You will allow me perhaps to fortify my position, and to ex- 
plain the general view of the mal-contents, by quoting from 
a letter written in 1658 by Gen. James Cudworth, at one 
time of Barnstable — one of the most useful and honest men 
ever in the Old Colony, who died, as the agent of the colony, 
in London, 1682, first premising, that for this letter and his 
general position he was put under heavy bonds to stand his 
trial, which was never had, and for a time kept out of office, 
as Edmund Freeman and others were. 

He writes, ^ As for the state and condition of things 
amongst us, it is sad, and like so to continue ; the anti-Chris- 
tian persecuting spirit is very active, and that in the powers 
of this world. He that will not whip and lash, persecute 
and punish men that differ in matters of religion, must not 
sit on the bench nor sustain any office in the Commonwealth. 
Last election Mr. Hatherly and myself left off the bench, and 
myself discharged of my captainship, because I had enter- 
tained some of the Quakers at my house (thereby that I might 
be the better acquainted with their principles.) I thought it 
better to do so, than with the blind world to censure, condemn, 
rail at and revile them, when they neither saw these persons 
nor knew any of their principles. But the Quakers and 



63 

myself cannot close in diverse things ; and so I signified to 
the court 1 was no Quaker, but must bear my testimony 
against sundry things, that they held, as I had occasion and 
opportunity. But withal, I told them, that as I was no 
Quaker, so I would be no persecutor." Elsewhere in this 
letter he says : " Diverse have been whipped with us in 
our patent ; and truly, to tell you plainly, that the whipping 
of them with that cruelty, as some have been whipped and 
their patience under it, has sometimes been the occasion of 
gaining more adherence to them than if they had suffered 
them openly to have preached a sermon. In the Massa- 
chusetts, after they have whipped them they cut their ears ; 
they have now, at last, gone the fatherest step they can, they 
banish them upon pain of death, if they ever come there again. 
We expect that we must do the like ; we must dance after 
their pipe. Now Plymouth saddle is on the bay horse, we 
shall follow them on their career. For it is well, if in some 
there be not a desire to be their apes and imitators in all their 
proceedings in tnings of this nature." 

The laws against Quakers were indeed cruel. If any 
entertained a Quaker, though but a quarter of an hour, the 
fine was £5, or as money then was, a year's pay of a laboring 
man. If anyone saw a Quaker, and did not inform the con- 
stable, though six miles away, he was to be punished by the 
court, as it saw fit. If there was a Quaker meeting in any 
man's house, he was fined 40s., the preacher 40s., and every 
hearer 40s., though not a word was said. When caught they 
were sent to prison and kept on bread and water ; no Friend 
might bring them food or speak with them, nor might they 
spend their own money to buy a bit of meat. They were 
fined for every Sunday they did not go to the Pilgrim meet- 
ing, and for every time they went to a Quaker one. Indeed 
how any Quaker managed to come out of this persecution 
with a shilling or a foot of land, passes my understanding, 
except that Sandwich folk managed not to carry out the law 
and the cruelty was brief. As it was, there were taken from 
them in three years, one hundred twenty-nine cattle, three 
horses and nine sheep, in value about £700. The names of 
twenty-one of these victims are given, of which the names of 
Allen, Gifford, Jones, Jenkins, Ewer, Perry, Wing, are still 



54 

here. There are seven Aliens in this roll of fame. The 
fines of William Allen alone amounted to near ^£87. An in- 
cident in his fate may be in phice. 

William Allen found a good estate gone into his fines. 
Of all his movables a cow, left out of pity, the little corn 
remaining and a bag of meal with a few articles of furniture 
were all that remained and he was living on bread and water 
in Boston jail. The heartless marshal came to collect ad- 
ditional fines, this time drunk. He seized the cow and the 
meal, but that was not enough. When he seized the good- 
wife's only copper kettle with a mock, he said, " Now Pris- 
cilla how will thee cook for thy family and friends, thee has 
no kettle." The brave, sweet answer was " George, that God 
who hears the ravens when they cry, will provide for them. 
I trust in that God, and I verily believe the time will come 
when thy necessity will be greater than mine." The goods 
were carried away and the drunken marshall lived to fulfil 
the prophecy. 

The Quakers do not appear to have flinched. They had 
tough hearts of English oak, and the scourging marred but did 
not rend. They held their meetings in an Allen's house and 
as the tradition goes in Cristopher's Hollow, well known to 
many of us, a charming spot, well chosen, with this advantage, 
that Plymouth Court could not fine the greenwoods of Al- 
mighty God 40s. for entertaining a harmless people, made 
outlaws by the public code, and in the name of the patient 
one of Nazareth, who himself had not where to lay his head. 
Sept. 9, 1661 by order of King Charles H, all persecution 
ceased in both colonies, and the suffering ended. 

While I am not called upon to discuss, in all ways, the 
nature of this lamentable controversy, the time is now late 
enough to make, in a mixed audience like this, composed 
largely, as it must be, of descendants of both parties to the 
transaction, a few reflections, without offence to any. First, 
then, there is no law of historical criticism more fixed than 
this ; that the men of any age are to be judged by the ethics 
of that age, and not by the ethics of any other. We are all 
agreed that persecution for opinion is altogether wrong. 
But in the 17th century all the churches persecuted ; An- 
glican, Roman, Puritan. If we do not blame the Puritan 



55 

for his part, neither have we a right to blame any other 
church for its part in this saddest of religious tragedies. 
Again, the Puritan, up to a certain point, could make out a 
very strong case for his own conduct. He might say " I char 
tered this ship of state and hold the helm, and you Quakers 
have come on board and refuse to obey orders. If the ship 
goes ashore I am shipwrecked, and you as well, and I mean 
to make my own voyage in my own way and at my own 
hazard. If you Quakers rise in mutiny I will put you down 
with a strong hand, as a matter of self-preservation, which is 
a supreme law with all men." He would not even listen if 
told that his charts were wrong or that he was off his course. 
He simply said, " I sail this ship." 

By the Quaker theory the Puritan ship was to be pulled 
in pieces by its own crew in mid-seas, and an entirely new one 
built, which had never been tried. I think the Quaker was 
right by the Puritan chart, but both were proved wrong by 
the actual shore. For instance, the Puritan had said to the 
English Church, " I will not have you or any other church 
as a daysman between me and the author of my salvation. 
Therefore I build my own church in my own way with just 
those ordinances and no others, which give me grace and 
comfort. My soul shall reach my Maker by my personal vo- 
lition and in my chosen way. The logical Quaker made an- 
swer "' Certainly, the soul itself touches God, simply because 
God touches it personally, soul with soul. That is my doc- 
trine of the inner Light. Why then need of your ordi- 
nances of baptism and a supper, your pulpits and your steeple 
houses, if the Christian is he who carries Christ in his own 
soul, and so to speak, beneath his own waistcoat." So far and 
upon Puritan grounds the Quaker was quite right. Nay, he 
had a right, at least to be let alone to go his way, upon the 
basis of 300 years of the Lollard movement in England. In 
my judgment, George Fox proved the final incoherence and im- 
possibility of the whole ecclesiastical system of Puritanism. 
That system has already passed. Only this further ; our » 
mother, the earth, covers speedily with her mantle of green, 
the fiercest battlefield, the foot of the whipping post, the spot 
where the martyrs' ashes cooled from the fire, and where the 
blood of the best or worst dripped from the scaffolji. So let 



66 

the mautle of a great human charity cover the memory of all 
those of every creed, who in any age, smote their fellows 
with persecutions in the name of God, and let those who still 
stand outside their graves, lay in religion what stress they 
like upon another's conscience, provided that stress be only 
the heart throbs of those eager to persuade their fellows to 
truth and duty. 

In 1875 King Phillip's war began and created the second 
great crisis in the history of this ancient town. It was very 
much a war of extermination on both sides. Your town 
records, I believe, have not many passages of interest, touch- 
ing this war, as often the town appears to have been too busy 
to do much writing. Indeed, the fact came very near being 
left to outside witnesses, that Sandwich joined with her sis- 
ter towns of the Cape, at the height of the common distress, 
in inviting the outlying towns of the colony most exposed, 
to come with their families and live with them until the dan- 
ger was overpast. Nor can we fail to admire the courage 
with which the same afflicted towns answered, after due 
thanks, that they could not leave their post, but would take 
what God sent them there. Sandwich paid its assessments of 
men and money and went its way. The four colonies en- 
gaged in that war, Massachusetts, Plymouth, Rhode Island 
and Connecticut, had a population of from 35,000 to 50,000, 
with which to confront the Indian tribes ; Plymouth reckon- 
ing 7600. In that war 600 of the best died, twelve or thir- 
teen towns were destroyed and the war debt of Plymouth 
Colony nearly equalled all its personal property. Boston 
and Connecticut made donations and there came, curi- 
ously enough, a single gift from abroad, X125 from the city 
of Dublin. I do not know under exactl}' what circumstances 
that money was sent out of the chief city of the warm- 
hearted, ever-generous, Irish race. But it may be noted 
as an instance of the subtle interchange of forces in human 
history that more than a century after, in the Irish famine, the 
descendants of the same Puritans sent wheat to Ireland, and 
to be further noted that by a movement and a dogma, now 
six centuries old the men of Puritan stock are bound to hold 
that the people are always to be let alone to rule themselves, 
whether at Berlin, St. Petersburgh or Dublin. 



57 

All know that the theatre of King Phillip's war was 
never transferred to the Cape. No Cape tribe ever joined 
Philip, nor had the Cape any outbreak. On the other hand, 
many of the Cape Indians served against Philip, and pris- 
oners were kept by the friendly tribes until the war was over. 
But it may not be generally known that this good fortune 
was chiefly due to Christian missionaries, like Richard Bourne, 
Thomas Tupper, Thornton of Yarmouth, Treat of Eastham, 
and the Mayhews of Martha's Vineyard, or that Bourne and 
Tupper were of this town. I have been able to find but 
comparatively few historical facts about Tupper, more than 
he was of the Sandwich church, that his field of labor was 
among the Herring River Indians and along Buzzards Bay, 
and that he died in old age greatly missed. Sandwich and 
Barnstable, at that time, abounded in Indians and the rem- 
nant»of two tribes out of the four still surviving in this Com- 
monwealth live to day within their ancient limits. But Rich- 
ard Bourne was easily chief missionary on the Cape. Indeed 
he seems to have had a general oversight of the Indians from 
Middleboro to Provincetown. I suppose him to have been 
the ancestor of the Sandwich Bournes. He began his labors 
about 1658, and his lands lay along the Manomet river on the 
north side, from what is now Bournedale to Buzzards Bay, 
with an additional right to take yearly 12,000 herrings. He 
was ordained pastor of the church in Mashpee, about 1670, 
the apostles, Eliot and Cotton, assisting at his ordination. In 
his report made to Major Gookin from this town, Sept. 1, 
1674, (the year before King Phillip's war,) he names twenty- 
two places where Indian meetings were held with an attend- 
ance of about 500. Of these, 142 could read Indian and so 
Eliot's Bible, seventy-two could write, and nine could read 
English. These Praying Indians increased in the eleven 
years following, (1685) to 1014, and there were in his limits, 
at least 600 warriors. These he controlled by his just and 
Christian behavior to them. Both English and Indians al- 
ways took his advice in land sales between them as long as he 
lived. Tlie Bournes, as the record shows, had a habit of free- 
ing their slaves. So great was the Indians regard for the 
Bourne family, that long after his death, as late as 1723, 
when a Bourne child was prostrated by an appalling dis- 



58 

ease, said by the physicians to be incurable, the Indians 
came with medicine men and their incantations, the mother 
submitted her chikl to their simple remedies, and it was 
made whole. This story is vouched for by a highly respect- 
able authority. I may sum up what Richard Bourne was to 
this town and Plymouth Colony, in the words of one of our 
Cape antiquarians, Amos Otis, a man, who by nature was 
" our Old Mortality," busy with cleaning the moss from Cape 
Cod families and gravestones, with gifts to have set him 
among the best in his favorite calling. 

" The fact is Richard Bourne, by his unremitted labors for 
17 years, made friends of a sufficient number of Indians, nat- 
urally hostile to the English, to turn the scale in Plymouth 
Colony and give the preponderance to the whites. He did 
this, and it is to him who does, that we are to award honor. 
Bourne did more, by the moral power which he exerted, to 
defend the old colony, than Bradford did at the head of his 
army. Laurel wreathes shade the brows of military heroes, 
their names are enshrined in a bright halo of glory, while the 
man who has done as good service for his country, by moral 
means, sinks into comparative insignificance and is too often 
forgotten." 

Justice, as yet, has not been done to our great Sandwich 
missionary to the Indians, Richard Bourne. No man in 
Massachusetts did more for that doomed and vanishing race, 
than he. I would take no shred of honor from Eliot's fame ; 
I am sure final history will do our townsman justice. But 
one thing some day should be done by somebody. West- 
ward yonder where the gates of the hills end at the water- 
shed between our bays, on that rounded hill where Samuel 
Sewall built his Indian meeting-house, and where the Indian 
graves are many, and looking down the Cape and across your 
bay thence visible, a statue should be raised to Richard Bourne 
and Thomas Tupper, Sandwich men, to tell the travellers as 
they speed by its base, how the men of the Pilgrim blood 
will not cease to honor their own who sacrificed themselves 
for their fellowmen, in all their generations. 

In 1692, in the reign of William and Mary, Plymouth 
Colony, and so this town, became, by the order of the English 
government, a part of the Province of Massachusetts. The 



69 

change had, no doubt, its advantages, but it must have 
crossed sharply, the trend of Puritan politics, which was and 
is towards local government, and must have seemed an un- 
necessary centralization, and so an offence against the pure 
democracy of Plymouth Colony. The crown profited be- 
cause it thus gathered into its own hands the lines of the 
already, uncertain movements of both colonies, and could 
better overlook, and if necessary, control their insubordina- 
tion, or, as it might judge, their usurpations. Here may also 
close the first, or pioneer age of Sandwich. I have devoted 
so much time to this period of our town history, because in 
it are the roots of all the others, and it is the formative and 
mother period of our afterhistory. 

The next period may be made to extend", as a conven- 
ience, from 1692 to 1776. As before, so now, Sandwich was 
slowly evolving itself from the wilderness and under the 
British Crown. In this period were politically, the French 
and Indian wars, and chronic and rather unsuccessful at- 
tempts to reconcile the antagonistic Puritan temper with the 
claims of the English government. There are two general 
reflections that may be made upon this period of Sandwich 
history. First, there was everywhere, in the Province of 
Massachusetts, a tendency to a decadence in what I may call 
personal character. This showed itself generally in the third 
generation. The original settlers were men out of England, 
who had tiniched, and to a degree, been mellowed by its an- 
cient civilization — men who had felt the repose, at least, of 
an old realm and had been educated there. But their chil- 
dren and grandchildren knew onl}- a wilderness — its hard- 
ship, penury, solitude and austerity. King Phillip's war had 
soured and hardened them greatly. Their pastors were, in- 
deed lighthouses of learning, and instructed as best they 
could ; but schools were intermittent, and often distant, the 
struggle for bread was always upon them to bury them in 
their farms; in many, the old Puritan fervor had burnt it- 
self out, leaving the shell ; and in general it may be said the 
wilderness was dragging these men down to it as the tropi- 
cal plenty. South, dominated the Spanish blood to enervate. 
You may see, if you look closely, this fact in the portraits of 
the two Winslows — father and son — now in the rooms of 



60 

the Massachusetts Historical Society, two strong faces, 
where grace goes with the father. 

The second general reflection is this ; that in such a 
state of affairs, the connection of our people with the Brit- 
ish crown, was a positive blessing many ways. It kept 
them, especially in political centres, like Boston, in contact 
with the civilized world elsewhere ; it compelled them to 
keep the run of European politics, when a new war might 
imperil every Cape Cod fishing smack, and the timbers 
which they shipped to the Barbadoes, might become the 
prize of any foe to England. If the crown, through its royal 
governor, like Andros, put their property or liberty in jeop- 
ardy, it also roused them and sometimes stung them into dis- 
covering new ways of evading tyranny and toned them up 
to confront injustice with a firm and not over-courteous re- 
sistance. Witness the repeated refusal of the General Court 
of the Province to vote any governor any salary, except for 
one year, that they might hold the power of the purse in their 
own hands. All this made Massachusetts a training school 
for statesmen, and when time was, such men as Samuel 
Adams and Otis showed that they had been to school. There 
is writ of One in Scripture, that he causes even the wrath of 
man to praise him ; and often in human affairs, the wrong 
done, by a subtle law of progress, enures to the benefit of 
those who suffer. 

The recorded public events of this period, which, in any 
striking way add to the romance or interest of your history, 
are not many. July 20, 1756, there appeared at Manomet, 
near the old fort, of 1627 a strange company of people, 
speaking French, and in seven two-masted boats. Silas 
Bourne, Esq., wrote to Col. Otis, then in Boston : " They pro- 
fess to be bound to Boston and want their boats carted 
across to the opposite bay. They have their women and 
children with them and say they were last from Rhode Island 
but previously from Nova Scotia." Mr. Bourne says, " I fear 
they may continue, when once in the bay, to miss Boston, 
and think it safe, therefore, to detain them." Ninety of them 
were accordingly distributed among the several towns, for 
safe keeping, until the matter could be better understood. 
Later on and the General Court ordered " that the canoes 



61 

left at Sandwich by the French neutrals, who deserted from 
the southern government, shall be sold." These people were 
Acadians, some of those 7000 broken-hearted, homeless peo- 
ple who were scattered from Maine to Geogia, of whom 
Longfellow tells us in Evangeline. It was the most misera- 
ble business, in my judgment, in the history of all this land. 
I have read their general fate in other town histories, where 
I find families broken up, children bound out to service, and 
themselves treated as paupers, until they have all disappeared 
leaving neither sign nor name. These wanderers in Mano- 
met river were evidently Acadians who were trying to es- 
cape from the South to their old home. We may be sure 
they went no further. The late Deming Jarves once told me 
that in a great storm some year before 1820, the sand on Scus- 
sett beach, somewhere near the hills west, was washed away 
and disclosed the piles of their wharf and other relics. I think 
that in digging near there lately, they have found timbers, 
perhaps of the tide way of their mill. Strangers, ignorant of 
the language spoken here, Catholics of an ancient Church, 
without a priest, and doomed to live and die amongst men of 
an alien religion, who neither understood nor loved their faith, 
homesick for their native land beyond the bay which they 
would never see, and I can hardly imagine a fate more full of 
tears. God give them rest ! 

An old town like this is full of romance and pathos. 
How many life stories which if read would move our tears, 
forever to be unwritten, had for their last brief chapter, a 
grave in your ancient burying ground. How still and un- 
complaining they all are in this day's festival ; all passions 
cold in their ashes, regrets ended, their life's hunger for 
something better, or the love never returned or the presence 
that never came back from sea or camp appeased ; a broken, 
meagre life, perhaps, yet ever-aspiring ; poets, as most are, 
who never wrote their song, but often thought one ; maid 
and man, husband, wife, lover ; all at rest two hundred years 
or so, by the pond, there in their stately sleep, in their voice- 
less palace with the unlighted lamps, at whose door no king 
knocks with a command ; no mendicant care grovels with a 
request ; whose sentinels are the birds and the stars which to- 
night, as ever, will keep vigil over the sacred ashes of what is 



62 

dead, while One keeps that which cannot die, and heard long 
ago the story. 

When Capt. Mathew Fuller at Scorton died in 1678, 
his Scotch servant, Robert, was wrongly charged with having 
stolen his master's jewels. The charge so worked upon him, 
that he finally died of grief and starvation. The snow was 
so deep that the bearers halted to bury him on the north- 
east side of Scorton hill. I am told that of late years, two 
rough stones have been set to mark his grave and that the 
plough has, so far, spared the mound. Here, at least, was a 
man of honor and with self-respect. They manage these 
things otherwise, now-a-days. Now when a man steals a bank 
or a railroad, he seldom thinks of going to his grave. He 
goes to Canada. 

I may show you several colors of your old town life by 
making an extract from Judge Sewall's diary, under date of 
" Seventh Day, April 3, 1714. Major Thaxter and I rid to 
Sandwich, accompanied by Mr. Justice Parker, Capt. John 
Otis, our pilot, Mr. John Denison, our chaplain. It did not 
rain, but wet, being an out wind," i. e. a wind off shore. 
" Got to Newcomb's, where we dined. (Sewall had been in 
the old Newcomb house by your lower pond several times 
before. I treated the Barnstable gentlemen. Mr Cotton, 
(then your minister) " Came to us and invited Maj. Thaxter 
and myself to his house. He had invited me at Plymouth. 
Mr. Justice Lynde returned homeward, having Mayo for his 
pilot." Guides you see were then necessary to strangers be- 
tween here and Plymouth. Now we can get a glimpse into 
a Pilgrim minister's home, and so partly into the other homes 
here, then. " In the evening Mr. Cotton, (his wife had been 
a widow and a Saltonstall, and the Cottons raised a large 
family) made a short speech of God's mercies in the week 
past, sung part of the 103 Psalm to the tune of Winsor." 
The Pilgrims here had only four tunes and this was one. 
" Prayed." It was Saturday night. " Lord's Day," April 4. 
Mr. Cotton in the family reads Deut. 29th, sings the 12th, 
13th, 14th verses of the 19th Psalm, to the tune of York ; "an- 
other of the four tunes aforesaid. " Evening sung Psalm 118 
4th part to the tune of St. David," Another. Then follows in 
Sewall's record a synopsis of Mr. Cotton's sermon from 2nd 



63 

Cor. 4:4. It must have been a long one, a Gospel sermon, 
full of meat, as your forefathers judged spiritual food, full of 
shrewd applications to the hearers and shows Mr. Cotton to 
have been a clever, painstaking preacher. The sermon, as 
most then were, was probably written on small sheets of 
paper, the lines close together, to save expense, for paper 
was then high ; and has probably long since gone where so 
many sermons, alas ! are sure to go. 

With this glimpse of the old Pilgrim life I proceed to 
some others. Mr. Cotton died in 1722, and the name if not 
the blood is extinct here. The same year Rev. Benjamin 
Fessenden became your minister, and his blood, happily for 
this town, is not extinct. Mr. Fessenden was, undoubtedly, 
a gentleman well educated, as all the clergy then were, a 
man of peace — as all his clerical brethren seem to have been 
before hira — a man of strong character, I gather, and in- 
clined to gather up the incidents of life before him here and 
might, had fate ordered, have shown a good hand at local 
history. He died August 7, 1746. I have often wished that 
Mr. Fessenden had kept a diary, as Sewall did. I wish he 
had told us what went on in these old houses roundabout ; 
whether some Toby babe had blue eyes or black, when he 
baptized it ; how some Pope bride looked and exactly what 
dress she wore when he married her, and whether the groom, 
Bassett, Chipman, Swift, Nye, or of whatever name, fumbled 
at his vest pockets and looked a trifle disconcerted during the 
ceremony ; what time the swallows came ; how cold the meet- 
ing-house was in winter, with nothing but a footstove, which 
the dames carried, and filled with coals between services, from 
his kitchen fire, as his house was near the meeting ; whether 
the communion bread ever froze and rattled in the plates 
when the deacons carried it round, as it did in the Old South 
Church, Boston ; indeed, a thousand trifles then, but precious 
stones, rubies and diamonds now. Old White of Selbourne, 
England, parson, wrote a book on his own parish, its natural 
life and antiquities, which will last as long as English is read. 
Here in this town, just at your feet, all around you are the 
same sort of riches, waiting for some one, with patience and 
craft enough to garner, to come and equal fame. Some young 
life, perhaps today, here present, will brace itself and make 



64 

ready. There is discovery possible in Sandwich, more use- 
ful than most in Africa or within the Antarctic Circle. 

In the absence of any Fessenden diary, and indeed, of 
any other Sandwich man's, known to me, I will try to sketch 
some traits of our Sandwich home life, at least possible, both 
before and after 1700. I suppose that a full home bases 
itself on marriage and children. In looking over your town 
records, I am, first of all, struck by the fact that everybody 
is related by either birth or marriage to everybody else. 
Sandwich folk of the old stock seem to be all, more or less, 
cousins. I only limit the assertion by saying that, for obvious 
reasons, the Society of Friends seem to have married among 
themselves, although there are exceptions. Of course Sand- 
wich people in general married at home, having good taste. 
But there were marital prisals and re-prisals, so to speak, 
going on between the neighboring towns, both west and east 
of us. I hope every one drew a prize in that sweet, danger- 
ous lottery. I may assume that every one who won a Sand- 
wich bride did. But the marriages were most frequent 
between Sandwich and Barnstable. I think those two towns, 
as the blood runs, were and came to be in the old days, very 
intimately mixed and intermarried. May our sister town, 
behind her sand barrier of her famous beach, and with her 
Great Marshes, for a thousand years send forth brides as 
charming as those who crossed Scorton Hill long ago. That 
stretch of road between Barnstable town and Sandwich, in 
the old days must have seen many a lover coming or going 
to his sweetheart ; many a bride won and riding on a pillion 
behind the groom, somewhither. I hope no Sandwich man 
on such an errand ever came back crestfallen, and that no 
Barnstable bride ever found her groom to have sailed under 
false colors when he came to her harbour for a helpmate in 
this lonely world. I have reason to love people both sides 
of Scorton Hill. I always feel, when I travel over that road 
like wearing a buttonhole bouquet and putting on holiday 
apparel. I fancy to stand, hat in hand, by the roadside and 
salute with my profoundest bow these brides and grooms 
coming home to this old town. Some of them bear names 
that I learned to love fifty years ago. I even venture 
through the veil of a hundred years or so to kiss some babies 



65 

in Sandwich cradles, and I certainly wish all these travellers 
in this heyday of their hope all good wishes ; that their cup 
may not be bitter, nor they drink it to the dregs, and that 
the passion of our mortal life, sent down as it were to put 
men to proof may leave all these brides and grooms at their 
death's day in their white sleep, with their work well done. 
The home life of our people showed generally, an ascent 
toward comforts and the enjoyments of civilization. Chil- 
dren stand at meal time and are helped after their elders. 
Well-filled barns, with an ox for beef, hanging in them about 
Thanksgiving time, a fat wood pile for the winter, a stock 
of cows, a flock of sheep with the owner's mark on them, 
brought out of the woods in fall, plenty of wild game and 
fish helped make our people comfortable in doors. They 
rose early and wrought late, and there were few idlers. 
Prayers, morning and evening, and early to bed, plenty of ex- 
ercise out doors and not a little for the women in ; fresh air, 
pure water, plenty of the tonic of frost in the long winter 
days and nights, comfortable, homespun dresses, with a little 
finery and" more starch ; white sanded floors, brass andirons 
and candlesticks, well cleansed ; the big pewter platters 
scoured to brightness ; some ancient china ; big chests pleth- 
oric with honest woollen blankets and linen sheets. These 
things and many other like, made a circumstance and an en- 
vironment which tended to much actual comfort. Then on 
winter nights, especially, with the frost outside and the slee[)- 
ing chambers overhead, quite as cold as the barn, but full 
of oxygen, the family gathered in and around the big fire- 
place to spend the evening. The stout sons are perhaps ru- 
minating upon the next day's wood chopping or a new pair 
of oxen. Their father's land and live stock will go to them ; 
usually by English custom, a double portion to the eldest 
son. The daughters will have as their portion some of the 
house furniture, a few pounds sterling, some of their mother's 
dresses and if the marriage settlement so said, their equal 
share of what their mother brought to the house, and most 
of all, a certain yearly share of the wool or flax raised on the 
place. So tonight Thankful and Bcthia and Lydia, as well 
as their neighbors' girls, are busV over some sort of linen or 
household drapery, which may serve for their own house- 



66 

keeping; demure Pilgrim maidens trying to prepare for 
their woman's future. The fire on the hearth is blazing un- 
der and through the oak logs ; the mother is in her low chair 
in the chimney corner, right hand side, near the oven, 
knitting or mending ; the father in his stiff-backed chair 
or his roundabout, in a leather jacket, sits, the same 
side, further out on the hearthstone, in our day supplanted by 
a stove or register. Left side on a long wooden settle or 
bench with a high, solid wooden back, and from the chim- 
ney corner out, sit the small boys and girls, ruddy, restless 
and warm. How rolicking and brilliant in its old way, with 
the embers falling into fantastic shapes and all sorts of sup- 
posed faces in the red coals, this vagrant fire behaves for these 
folk, and as if for the king's delight. Bethia or Lydia will per- 
haps steal a glance across the woollen in their lap at these 
same coals, to espy as the fancy runs, the face of 
their future husband ; the demure but quite human Pilgrim 
maids they are. It is not a bad place for these youngsters, 
on that settle in the chimney corner. In clear nights, by 
looking up, they can see the stars through the chimney's 
mouth. And when on stormy nights, with a northeaster rum- 
bling and thundering across the chimney's mouth, driving 
the thick snow towards the hill ridge, what a place for a 
child to hear his elders tell of the pirates' money, the witch's 
ride, the war of Revolution and those endless stories of the 
sea, which, with pipe in their mouth and a close watch for 
the falling embers, we heard in our childhood our elders tell, 
around a Cape Cod hearthstone, in an ancient Pilgrim house. 

Our fathers had not our comforts, but they certainly had 
their own ; and the balance is not altogether in our favor. 

After Rev. Benjamin Fessenden's death, in 1746, Rev. 
Abraham Williams became the Sandwich minister in 1749. 
He was your minister during the Revolution, dying in 1784. 
I gather that he was very like his predecessors, and bating 
at least his diminished salary in war times he seems to have 
fared very much as they had ; also that he was a very busy 
and useful man in secular affairs, surveying wood lots, making 
wills and drawing deeds. As a matter of fact, the parsons on 
the Cape kept the lawyers out by taking the law business, and 
to a degree this was also true of the doctors. A town par- 



67 

son then was a sort of town university. It probably illus- 
trates Mr. Williams' patriotism, to say that two of his sons 
died in British prison ships. By his wife he was connected 
with some of the leading families in modern Massachusetts. 
He seems to have been a man of property, at least he owned 
two African slaves, one of them, Titus Winchester by name, 
who ought to have, and shall have some mention on this occa- 
sion, not only because of his own conduct, but because of 
that patient African race who built so many of our old stone 
v/alls and worked hard as slaves of the whites. The Red- 
man would not work, and died ; the blackman worked and 
lived. Our fathers bought, sold or devised them very much 
as we would cattle. Everybody did. In general, I suppose 
they were well treated. Some were ftianumitted. It was all 
wrong by the Lollard rule. One man ordered by his will 
that his servant Dinah should be sold, and the money laid 
out in purchasing Bibles for his grandchildren. And yet 
the Bible has said of old, "that God hath made of one 
blood all them that dwell upon the face of the earth, and 
that this is one of the only two great commandments, " Thou 
shalt love thy neighbor as thyself." " Bury me, said a slave 
in the Gorham family, " as near as you can to the feet of my 
mistress." Titus Winchester was Mr. Williams' slave, and 
would not accept manumission, staying with his old master 
until the latter died. Then Titus went to sea and elsewhere 
and was faithful over the few things of his poor maimed life. 
When he died he left some property and your town clock to 
the First parish. I knew a small boy rather intimately, some 
fifty years ago, who used to think that that clock's face was 
black because a black man gave it. For the sake of Titus 
and his race, I trust that longer than that clock's face is 
black. Sandwich folk will tell their children that the man 
who gave that clock had a black face, but a life that was 
very white ; that his name was Titus Winchester ; and that 
Christianity, of any honest sort, is forever color blind. 

We approach now the period of the Revolution, 1776- 
1783, an epoch in our town history. I do not propose to re- 
tell the story, but only to throw some side lights upon it 
from Sandwich history. But here, again two preliminary 
questions thrust themselves upon our notice. First, was the 



68 

Revolution, an evolution or an accident? I say, that it was 
an inevitable and fated evolution ; made so by the two root 
ideas of the Puritan movement, and under a law as fixed as 
a law of Nature. If a man has a right to be free, he has a 
right to maintain his liberty with his sword. If it was wise 
in him to come 3,000 miles to enjoy his privilege, it was wise 
for him to stand in military array ; watch late on guard ; rise 
early to begin the battle and hang to his foe, until he asked 
quarter, to defend his privilege. There has been much time 
wasted over this matter. The Puritan, I take it, was a rebel — 
and from the start. If he was not a premeditated rebel, he 
was certainly a predestinated one. At the roots, the Puri- 
tan movement was always coherent, even when its surfaces, 
as in the Quaker or Baptist troubles, showed dubious or con- 
fusing. I might illustrate by what goes on every day in 
your bay, and long before the Mayflower sailed on its hori- 
zon towards Plymouth rock. The surface of that bay, as you 
all know, is liable to innumerable changes. In a clear day, 
often blue ; with a thundercloud over head, black ; in a calm 
day, placid ; with a north-east wind lashing it, turbulent, 
cruel, hammering in the hoar rage of its crested waves the 
beachsands, as if it would rend its way to your hills. But, 
under all these changes, the great bay current of under 
waters, undisturbed sweeps west and north, around the feet 
of those sand bluffs of Plymouth woods. The surfaces of 
the Puritan movement were indeed confused, but its trend 
was always one, away from kings and towards a republic. 
The roar of the battle on Bunker's Hill, was but the ever- 
augmenting echo of that axe, which smote off the head of 
King Charles the First. 

The second matter is about the Sandwich tories, or as 
they called themselves royalists. There were plenty of them 
here and the like is true at least of Barnstable, two towns 
who at that time had at least as much intelligence and as 
much at stake, as any of their neighbors. When the Boston 
patriots in 1769 invited delegates to a convention to consult 
about public affairs, this town voted, after a long debate, 33 
to 42, not to send. Now I ask you Sandwich men of today, 
whether the current popular opinion, here and elsewhere, 
concerning our tories of the Revolution, is a just one. Here 



69 

in a test vote were 42 men against 33 in this town, your an- 
cestors and mine, who at that time at least were unwilling to 
take action against the king. Of course I think they were 
in the wrong but they thought otherwise. Are you prepared 
to hold, as much of the historical writing I have seen, implies, 
that this, a majority of your voters, were any more base, any 
less respectable than the majority, who afterwards put them 
down or drove them out ? That some of our tories did some- 
times silly or very brutal things, or made provoking 
speeches as Timothy Ruggles did, I know very well, just 
exactly as I know that some of the Sandwich whigs were 
often remorseless and cruel. Such passions always show 
themselves in revolutions and are a part of their price. 
There have never been any saints in Sandwich or anywhere 
else on earth. The saints are in heaven alone. Allowing, 
then, all the excesses alleged against our Sandwich tories, 
and is it not true that generally they were the average Christ- 
ian men found at that time in this town ? What should be 
said of many of them is this ; they took the losing side and 
paid the penalty ; that they were wrong but that they fol- 
lowed, apparently, their own judgment, as the Pilgrim man- 
hood has always done. Is it any less worthy to follow con- 
science, leave your home and property and go to Nova Scotia 
to live under a king, than it was for the Pilgrims to leave 
England upon their conscience and come to this wilderness 
to escape a king? Is conscience which leads men to a costly 
sacrifice only venerable when it is a wise one, going right 
and never venerable when going wrong ? If so this poor 
world must rewrite much of its history. For my part, and 
speaking now for myself personally, I say this ; that of the 
Ellis blood which happens to connect me with Sandwich folk, 
some were whigs and some were tories. Let all true whigs 
of Sandwich rest, if you like, in eternal fame. I only insist 
that the time has come when no wise man can afford to say 
that Sandwich tories are sleeping in dishonored graves. 

In 1765, war between France and England, costing Eng- 
land something like X100,000,000, ended. That war, so far 
as it concerned these English colonies, was to prevent them 
from being strangled by the cordon, which France was grad- 
ually drawing about them from Quebec to New Orleans very 



70 

much as, until Charles Martel broke it, the Mohammedans 
had drawn the cord of their power around Mediaeval Europe. 
Every student of history, if he be of English stock, reads 
with a sigh of relief the event of Abraham's Heights, where 
the French allies went down before the cross of St. George, 
and beholds a great deliverance. At first sight, it would 
seem only reasonable that these colonies, thus delivered, 
should pay their share of the expense. A large part of their 
share, it is true, these colonies had already paid in money 
and blood ; but there was perhaps, by the rule of mere arith- 
metic, something more due. The British crown passed the 
Stamp Act and so proceeded to tax these colonies. This 
they resisted. Was there not a cause ? Were not the old 
artificers in linen from North Ireland, driven out by British 
greed, or at least, their sons, still here ? Had the Puritan 
forgot the Star Chamber and the bitterness of exile ? Was 
there not cause to distrust their old oppressors? It is true, 
the Stamp Act was repealed in 1766, but the resolve of Par- 
liament " that of right it ought to have power to bind the 
colonies " left the sting undrawn. The answer of this town 
was to order the very next year, 1767, a powder house to be 
built. The powder, also, came and in due time was burnt. 
Henceforth and until the close of the Revolution, the his- 
tory of Sandwich responds and runs with the trend of that 
truly patriotic war. In 1770, Sandwich voted not to buy 
taxed goods, like tea, paper, etc., and to hinder their sale, 
until redress was had. Jan. 6, 1773, a very sober town 
meeting was held, and the town parson, Mr. Williams, was 
called on to open the meeting with prayer. The late speech 
of the Royal Governor to the Legislature in Boston, was of- 
fered, but refused a hearing. A letter from the patriot com- 
mittee in Boston was then read, and plain resolutions, set- 
ting forth the people's rights, were passed. A committee 
was also chosen in behalf of the town to correspond with the 
Boston committee. As this was a post of danger, as well as 
honor, I record the names of that committee. They are Dr. 
Nathaniel Freeman, Moses Swift, Seth Freeman, John Allen, 
Joseph Nye, 3d, George Allen, Simeon Fish, Mordecai Ellis, 
Elisha Pope, John Percival and Joshua Tobey. The Aliens, 
being of the Society of Friends, asked to be excused and 



71 

were. March 17, 1774, voted, that " the letters of the Gov- 
ernor and Lieut. Governor are replete with malicious enmity." 
Also voted, that the emptying the tea into Boston harbour, 
was " necessary," that they would neither buy nor use tea, 
until the tax was repealed, and " that an attested copy of 
these votes be transmitted, with the thanks of the town, to 
the committees of correspondence of Boston and Plymouth, 
for their manly opposition to a most pernicious measure, as- 
suring them that we are ready to join them in opposing ev- 
ery unrighteous attempt upon our liberties." At this meet- 
ing, Zaccheus Burgess, Lot Nye and John Dillingham, Jr., 
were appointed on the committee of correspondence, in place 
of the Aliens. September 30, of the same year, it was re- 
commanded by the town, that the people should be well pro- 
vided with arms and ammunition ; that every male of six- 
teen years of age, or over, be armed and drilled ; that com- 
mon pedlers of English, Scotch or India goods, be suppressed ; 
that a congress of all the towns in Barnstable County should 
be held to consult for the common safety ; that the present 
doings of the town be published ; that the selectmen be di- 
rected to purchase a chest of arms, and to deliver them at 
first cost, to the inhabitants, and four barrels of gunpowder 
with lead and flints in proportion, in addition to the town's 
present stock ; also thanks to Meltiah Bourne, Esq., for the 
timber presented by him, to be erected a liberty pole. All 
this meant war, meant revolution, and that of a very sturdy 
kind. I am one of those, who insist that in the achievement 
of our independence, no town on this Cape is entitled to the 
preeminece. No Cape town of that age, but did its duty, 
according to its ability, in its own local and personal way. 
But, 1 am bound to say that the men of affairs in Sandwich, 
strike me as a ready, sturdy, resolute set of men, slow to de- 
cide, but fearless to carry out their plans, once made ; a set 
of men, hard to be denied their will ; selectmen, who 
made little noise, but did a deal of sound, hard work. And 
if you seek now in these days, after one of your citizens, 
who represents in these gentler days, both physically and 
mentally, these selectmen of old, you will not find a better, 
than my old schoolmate and fellow townsman, the chairman 
of this meeting. 



72 

It was in this year that Gen. Gage succeeded Hutchin- 
son as ro3^al governor in Boston, and the commerce of that 
town was destroyed by the Boston Port Bill. To the distress 
of Boston all the Cape towns sent relief, in cord wood and 
money ; Sandwich, .£19, Barnstable, £\2 10s., and Falmouth, 
blessed be that deed, near £37 and 82 cords of wood. 
In September of this same year, a singular occurrence, headed 
by a Sandwich man, connects itself with your town and 
should never be forgotten. As things then were, the courts 
had ceased to be for the people but were to be used against 
them for the King. It was determined to stop the County 
Courts. This was an overt act of treason, and exposed 
every man concerned in it to the block, and some two years 
before the Declaration of Independence. By careful pre- 
arrangement an orderly company of men from Wareham, 
Rochester, and Middleboro, marched down to this town. 
Here they were joined by the Sandwich men, the horsemen 
ahead, tho foot behind, marched by your mill pond, up 
among the hills on the old road to Barnstable. Dr. Nathan- 
iel Freeman, " Brigadier Freeman," as the old folk called 
him, was conductor in chief. I am here to flatter no family 
pride, but I am bound to say, and in this I think the 
historians of the Cape towns will agree with me, that among 
all men who helped carry this Cape with the patriots into 
Revolution, Brigadier Freeman stands easily first. I take 
the description of this chief of Sandwich patriots from the 
words of an eye witness in this singular procession, the late 
Hon. Abraham Holmes, of Rochester. " Freeman was a fine 
figure of a man, between thirty and forty years of age. He 
had a well made face, a florid countenance, a bright and 
dignified eye, a clear and majestic voice ; and wore a hand- 
some, black lapelled coat, a tied wig as white as snow, a set 
up hat with the point a little to the right." The procession 
called themselves " The Body of the People " and certainly a 
more democratic gathering had hardly been seen since the 
swarming of a Teutonic tribe. They elected their own of- 
ficers, whom they implicitly obeyed ; agreed not to drink 
strong drink nor swear, had prayer of mornings, counselled 
together with all the decorum of a bench of judges, and 
when they came to the old Court house, at Rendevous Lane, 



73 

in Barnstable, there were about fifteen hundred of them. 
The}' sent a respectful and well-judged request to the court 
— an Otis was on the bench — to give up the assize. Had they 
been refused they would have undoubtedly driven out the 
court and locked the doors. They were, indeed, " The Body 
of the People." The court went out and no King's court 
ever sat again in Barnstable County. All patriots should 
make themselves familiar with the details of this unique 
transaction. In studying it, I have been struck by the 
resemblance which the gravity, patience and yet resolution of 
these men bear to the behavior of that high commission 
which ordered the execution of Charles I., where the wonder 
was, not that a king was slain, but that he was slain by a 
solemn judgment under current forms of law and with an 
appeal to Heaven to note and confirm its justice. 

On their return to Sandwich they hunted up and punished 
into due humility, certain persons who had cut down the 
Sandwich liberty pole in their absence. One cannot make 
revolution with gloves on and there was hard striking all 
round in those days. 

In 1775 voted that a watch be appointed for the sea coast, 
watch boxes be built and the watchman's pay be 2 shill- 
ings per night. Voted, June 21, 1776, "that should the 
Honorable Congress of the united colonies declare these colo- 
nies independent of the kingdom of Great Britian, we solemn- 
ly engage with our lives and our fortunes to support them in 
the measure." In 1777 it was voted to supply, for the ap- 
proaching winter, the families of soldiers from this town, ab- 
sent in their country's service. In 1778 there was smallpox 
here brought probably from the army ; a pest house was built, 
nurses provided, red flags hung at the fencings and cats and 
dogs running at large were killed to prevent contagion. 
From 1778 to the close of the war. Sandwich records show 
how firmly our fathers tried to carry out their pledge to 
spend life and money for independence. Drafts of men and 
provisions were made on them which the town tried to fill 
and with general success. But when in 1781 a call was made 
for 21000 pounds of beef, though the town offered 4d in sil- 
ver, per pound, there was no beef to be had. The same year 
they gave -113 a month to each enlisted soldier. By this 



74 

time the continental money had depreciated. To show the 
situation here, I quote some prices. A common laborer re- 
ceived for a day's work, £2; a mechanic, X3. But then a 
gallon of molasses and a bushel of Indian corn cost £4 each; 
butter 12 shillings a pound ; grog per mug 16 shillings ; Eng- 
lish hay, X32 per ton ; shoeing a horse all round, X3 12 shill- 
ings, and a tavern dinner 15 shillings. Indeed the whole 
land was at a low tide. Most had been spent for liberty 
which came in 1783, when this people, thanks to the great 
sacrifice, went free. 

I have said nothing of the sufferings and sorrows of 
those Sandwich folk who went to the war or sent their sons- 
It is an old story, often told over this colony, and will be, as 
long as honor is reverenced in our ancestry. I close this 
period of Sandwich history with two brief extracts from two 
letters of a Cape mother, though not of this town. 

July 26, 1778. 

None of my children but Abiah are with me. All my sons are 
if living, with the army. I am afraid what I may hear concerning 
my sons, but I hope I may be prepared, let it be as it will. I would 
write more but it is the Sabbath. 

Nov. 22, 1783. 

The 20th of June last, we had the sorrowful and heavy news of 
our son Joseph's death. He died that day two months. He had 
been in the service two years and died with consumption, near West 
Point ; a loud call to us all. He was carried into the country and 
was comfortably provided for during the last month or six weeks of 
his life. What most contributes to my comfort is, God was pleased 
to give him a time of consideration. He sent us word not to mourn 
for him, but to prepare to follow him, for he trusted the eternal state 
was secured. Mary JenKiNS. 

I have thus brought the record of Sandwich life to the 
year 1783. From then till now, (1889) you perceive, is a pe- 
riod of rather over a hundred years. It is a period pictur- 
esque and full of town activites which respond to the political 
and social development of the nation, and indeed, may be 
said, to run with it. Your town behaviors-have always been 
conservative but firm, taking the side of law and order. 
What I have called in this address the Lollard temper, has 
generally asserted itself in your more important votes. I 



75 

cannot enter on the details of this last period, nor can I per- 
form the miracle of telling in an hour or so a history which it 
has taken this busy Sandwich 250 j^ears to make. I do not 
intend to slur this period. I intend to drop it bodily with a 
few references in passing. All along I have been struck 
with the inadequacy of any possible mention in this address 
of events so mixed and many. Let a man sift as close as he 
likes and most of the grain will still lie outside his sieve. 
There I leave it for those who may come after. 

Yet, I am unwilling to pass over these latter years with- 
out mention of certain of their phases. This has always 
been, for instance, until of late, a sea-faring community. 
Your sailors, like those of all the other Cape towns, have 
been found on almost every sea, in almost every fishery and 
certainly in every war which this land has maintained. 
Their story is one of romance, indomitable perseverance, 
danger, hardship and loss of life ; sometimes of rich reward. 

Our merchant service, at least in foreign parts, as well 
as our navy is, at present, in abeyance. I cannot tell when 
they will emerge into their former mastery and splendor. I 
am sure that New England men of the English stock, have 
too much of the Vikings blood in their veins, to let the car- 
rying trade of the world remain in British hands. There is 
no reason why. In all that pertains to progress in the me- 
chanic arts, which are among the great dynamics of civiliza- 
tion, we have not, to say the least, been laggard or below 
the achievement of our English brethren. I take it as a 
good omen of our coming naval estate, and also as a matter 
of national, and certainly, local pride, that when, a few 
years ago, these same Englishmen challenged our ship build- 
ers and seamen to an international yacht race, the country 
was able to answer with a victorious " Puritan," backed by 
a swifter " Volunteer "; both designed by the brain of a young 
man of a very old Sandwich family, Mr. Edward Burgess. 
I say then on this Cape, so proud of its seamen, and in this 
town, which has sent so many of its sons down to the sea in 
ships, " All hail to the coming navy of these United States, 
both merchantman and war ship. May its white sails be 
found on every sea, where winds blow and steady men are 
needed at the helm. And if ever, (which may God avert,) 



76 

in coming ages this land should pass again into the vast sor- 
row of cruel war, may the men, then behind the guns, have 
as stout hearts and as keen eyesight to level them, as had the 
ancient seamen of Cape Cod, who in all our wars, on a ship's 
deck, maintained the honor of the flag and often brought it 
into port laurelled with victory. 

The valuation, which the Puritan put on man, forced him 
to try and enlarge man in all the elements of his complex 
nature. This, he endeavored to do, mainly through his 
Church and his public school, that conscience might be quick- 
ened and its domain broadened by sound learning. There 
has always been a scholastic air about this town, and educa- 
tion has been both given and prized in your homes. For 
this fact, you have been largely indebted to the Pilgrim 
clergy here, and to none more so than to the Rev. Jonathan 
Burr, who became your pastor in 1787. I fancy, that it was 
due largely to him that the Sandwich Academy* was founded 
in 1804. I shall only venture one or two remarks about our 
public schools. First, they are an integral part of what I 
may call American civilization, and in the line of the Puri- 
tan political logic. That logic holds that no man, who is the 
slave of his ignorance, can ever be a freeman, either in soul 
or body, and that an ignorant citizen is always a dubious pa- 
triot. The public schools came in early and in any event 
would go out very late. 1 am one of those, who think that 
they have come to stay. 

Thus closes this review of the town life of old Sand- 

* I am sure that " The Old Academy " building in which so many of us were taught, should be 
carefully described by some one for a permanent record. Till a better is shown, let this be said. 
The building, say in 1840, was a little dingy, with at least a hint about it, of decadence both 
inside and out. It was a rather narrow, long building, facing as the dwelling house on its site 
does now. Its front door looked down School street and over it was a small belfry with a still 
smaller bell which when it went tolling, five minutes before nine o'clock, often seemed like the 
knell of doom to the laggard boy after bird nests or a summer sweeting, across the fields. On the 
left as you entered the main room through a short entry there was a sort of elevated box or apart- 
ment some ten feet wide reaching the south wall, separate from the desks below by a wooden 
partition 4 to 5ft. high, painted, I remember, grey — as I have always supposed, the monitors' seat 
in the old days. On the right was a raised platform to which two or three long steps led, on which 
the master sat. The main aisle was rather broad running through the middle of the room, and on 
each side of it two rows of seats, then another aisle each side with desks for one pupil in each built 
against the wall. The middle desks, each side, I think held two pupils apiece. "The desks were 
not on a level but rose from the door towards the west, so that at the farther end one had to climb 
into the back seats from the main aisle below. The side aisle on the south side was reached by a 
short aisle that ran parallel with the front of the monitors' desk or dais. The room must have 
been a large one because I remember that a boy in the south-west corner could talk all the morn- 
ing with his neighbors and not disturb the master. In that corner also, apples were easy to eat 
without offence to the school authorities with I suppose average eyesight. The desks were the 
common boxes then in use painted a reddish brown with the lids not movable. At the end of the 



77 

wich. Let it pass for what it is worth, provided always 
that you retain the sense that in your history, tliere are many 
things worthy the meditation of the wise. The lesson of 
your town history can be but one. It is the duty devolved 
upon you by your ancestors, to maintain the ideas for which 
they endured their sacrifices. From this duty, none of their 
descendants can absolve themselves, except it be by repudi- 
ating them and their endeavor. The old French saying, no- 
blesse oblige, which, in free translation, would read " Nobi- 
lity of birth compels to nobility of life," describes well 
enough our obligation. The keenest swords are always sharp- 
ened on the grindstone of some gospel of better things for 
man, and here that gospel has always been ; and that life, 
which is inspired to climb ever higher, towards truth and 
right, must be a life that watches, that works, that suffers 
for man ; and here that life has been from of old. Let the 
Indian root-diggers of the prairies, live content with their 
dish of bitter herbs, and die as stolidly as the buffalo of the 
plains. Let the South Sea islander feed himself with the 
breadfruit over his head, at his hut's door, and sleep through 
life, as unreflecting and as careless as his summer sea. The 
sceptre of the world is not with him, nor is its future liable 
to his brain or hand. But this Puritan land, this Pilgrim 
stock of ours, yes, the men of every race, who by their own 
assent, have cast in their lot with us, are compromised 
and sealed to be compatriots and fellow workmen in build- 
ing up the great temple of the rights of man, and leading 
men up upon the hills, above the reek and miasma of base 

main aisle, west, there was a door low down among the elevated seast, which opened into the 
room for girls. This room was the same in width but much shorter than the other. Both rooms 
were painted either in browns or greys. Behind this room in the northwest corner was the library 
room, in my day, littered with ancient looking books or fragments, some, with edges stained 
red and in parchment covers, very awe-inspiring to a young student fresh come to this world, and 
seeing for the first time, books really old. There was an abundance of windows in the building, 
-Tind on the east and south sides at least, a row of I^mbardy poplars. The whole look, as I recall 
it, was dignified. Pilgrim, austere and as of a house which had known better days. No master 
even deigned to tell us about its history and of what those ragged books meant in the dusty library 
full of wmdow light and cobwebs. This Academy fell into decadence because of the miserable 
wrangles which whatever they might have been otherwise were a very sober genesis of old Puri- 
tanism into something else. But it was an enterprse nobly planned and deserved success. All 
lovers of sound learning will respect the zeal and good intent of the men who planned it. 

The Rev. Mr. Burr, who had private pupils in his own family before the Academy was set up, 
was the first rector or master. There were pupils from the Cape, the South, and the West Indies. 
The history of this Academy which perhaps no one will ever write and which is more difficult as 
each generation passes, was not without its romance, in the after lives of its graduates scattered 
far and wide. I am told that the initials W. W. are still to be seen carved on one of the window 
sills of Mr. Burr's old house. If so, theystand for William Wainwright, once a pupil here, after, 
a distinguished bishop of the Protestant Episcopal diocese of New V'ork. 



78 

and servile things, to behold those stars of God, which give 
light for man to come to his great estate. Our forefathers 
compromised us to a great civic toil, lasting into unknown 
ages. Let the empire give its subjects rest, and an ampi- 
theatre for amusement of the thoughtless ; the republic sum- 
mons every citizen to a life long vigil ; to a struggle, which 
can never cease ; to see that man is not abased and to strive 
that he may be lifted up with privilege, and enlarged into the 
joy of those, whose life is fulfilled with virtue. The old way of 
the world's progress is the only way. The race stands only 
at the portals of its achievement. The temple beyond these 
gates is grander than our century's thought can grasp. A 
thousand millions to inhabit this land, perhaps, in a thous- 
and years, and this multitude to be guided, fed somehow 
with its bread of life. The old way is the best way ; the 
martyrs and heroes beyond us in time, are more than those 
behind us. The future has grander altars of service, than 
even the past. Our soldiers and our seamen, who died in 
all our wars, for the flag, sleep deep, having won that eter 
nal fame, whose legend must ever be the banner of the free. 
But the enemies of the republic lurk at the doors of your 
money changers ; in the wanton's chamber ; in the ignorance 
and pauperism, which must forever live close by the gates of 
crime ; in the lust of political power i in the greed of gold ; 
in the liar's fable ; and in whatsoever enterprise men are 
tempted to barter manhood for an advantage, either false or 
base. Against these enemies of the republic, only virtue 
watches with unshut eye, and the Old Guard of its un wast- 
ing defence is forever the citizenship of the good. A repub- 
lic is to be saved every day and is safe no day. But vir- 
tues are the heart's throbs of those who know and of 
those who love. If, at the end of a thousands years of 
your town life. Sandwich be one of the most ancient 
cradles of a then mighty and happy people, it will be 
because this nation has gone its way, leaning on its staff of 
equal rights for all men in a wise liberty for soul and body, 
and has not forgot to follow in all its generations, the 
Anglo Saxon, yes, the Pilgrim doctrine, that the health 
and happiness of man, in his just privilege, is both the 
thought and the will of God. 



AT THE TENT. 



The mammoth tent, where dinner was served immedi- 
ately following the oration, was pitched in Mr. Samuel Fes- 
senden's field, in the rear of the Casino. The tent was 260 
feet long, and 80 feet wide, containing 14 tables with a 
seating capacity of 2000, and every seat was occu{)ied. The 
dinner consisted of a genuine Rhode Island clambake, with all 
the modern fixings generally found on such occasions, and 
was prepared by Andrew E. Hathaway, of New Bedford. 

The exercises at the tent continued, in the presence of 
over 2000 people, with the rendering of Mozart's Gloria from 
the Twelfth Mass, by a chorus of fifty picked singers from 
Bourne and Sandwich, accompanied by Hill's Band, of New 
Bedford, all under the efficient leadership of Mr. H. H. Heald, 
of Sandwich. The selection was splendidly given, and re- 
ceived a tremendous ovation. 

The speakers' platform was erected in the centre of the 
tent, at the side, on which were seated the president of the 
day, speakers, invited guests and other dignitaries. 

After the dinner had been given justice, there was a se- 
lection by the band, followed by the introduction by Hon. 
Charles Dillingham, of Sandwich, of Mr. Frank H. Pope, of 
Leominster, a native of Sandwich, as toastraaster of the 
occasion. 



80 
OPENING ADDRESS OF FRANK H. POPE. 

Your literary committee has iustructed me to dress this 
part of the occasion in as sombre a garb as possible, and to 
see that no undue levity shall creep in, to mar the pleasure of 
the literary feast that is to follow. Just here allow me to in- 
terrupt myself for a moment, and call your attention to the 
fact that this is a large assemblage, and in order that the dis- 
tinguished speakers may be heard, it will be necessary that 
this vast audience keep as quiet as possible. There is a brass 
band playing on my right, and evidently is a competitor of 
mine, for your attention, but I do not fear it, having faith in 
my power of endurance and vocal strength, I think I can 
talk it down without special effort. One reason why I ask 
for as little commotion as possible, is, that among the speak- 
ers whose names I have on the list, are several who have 
evinced consumptive tendencies, not that there has been a 
consumption of their physical functions, or their mental fac- 
ulties; but their enormous consumption of victuals has so 
swelled their adipose tissue, and set the blood in so great a 
state of activity that any special effort upon their part, to be 
heard, might result in apoplexy, therefore, I trust that you 
will keep as quiet as possible, and not become accessories to 
such a possible contingency. 

The other day I was looking over that much-read, greatly- 
admired, but badly-disconnected novel, by the late Mr. Noah 
Webster, and I came across the word " toastmaster." I there 
discovered that a toastmaster is a person, who, at public din- 
ners, announces the toasts and leads or directs the cheering, 
so if I should think, in the course of what I may have to say, 
that I had given expression to a perfect gem of intellectual 
effort, or made a very happy point, and should suddenly start 
off in a paroxysm of cheering, do not think me egotistical, do 
not think I have too great an admiration for your labors, do 
not think that I am trying to lead you astray, I shall simply 
be exercising the prerogatives of m}' position. 

As I came back to the old town last night, which I have 
not visited for several years, and to which my visits have 
been few, since I went forth to do missionary work, revolu- 
tionize the ways of the world and elevate them to my ideal, 



81 

I was forcibly struck with two thoughts. One, that upon 
general principles the old town hadn't changed much since I 
left it, for its welfare ; and the other, that such changes as I 
could note, showed a marked tendency and a penchant upon 
the part of the rising generation for sestheticism. The first 
blow I received was in coming through that village to the 
north of us, which in my boyhood days I do not remember 
to have ever heard called by any other name than " Herring 
River," was now euphoneously cognomened " Bournedale ; " 
and I found what I used to know as plain, ordinary, every- 
day " Scussett," was now putting on all the airs of the young 
girl who will make her debut in society, at the grand ball in 
the Casino, tonight, and is now sailing under the elevated 
title of " Sagamore." Then I came down a little farther and 
saw in reality, in part, that which my parents used to talk 
about at the family fireside, long before active steps had been 
taken towards the construction of the Cape Cod Ship Canal. 
Next, I came to what I used to call " Town Neck," where, as 
a barefooted boy, I drove the cows back and forth each day, 
for a small, weakly stipend per week. And I wondered if 
the fever of sestheticism had set in there ; that the old, famil- 
iar spot had been robbed of its homely, but companionable 
title, and that I should hear it referred to as a fertile grazing 
field for domesticated bovines. Later, as I gazed upon the 
old mill pond, upon whose placid bosom I had sailed, rowed 
and fished, even here the spirit of euphony was getting in 
its work, and I heard it alluded to as the " lake ; " but to me 
it is the old mill pond still. Then I began to inquire if any 
of the places which I knew familiarly in my youth, still held 
to their old titles, and I gladl}^ learned that " Snake " and 
" Hog " ponds were clothed in all the pristine glory of their 
original names. 

This morning I stood beside the remnants of the old 
willow tree, which stood directly in front of my former home 
on Water street, and while beside its deca3^ed stump, which 
had for so many years withstood the ravages of the elements, 
I sadly, tearfully reflected, how, when a lad, I had played 
among its branches, usually one branch at a time, and that 
branch usually got to the woodshed before I did, customaril}^ 
accompanied by the parent on my father's side, and when we 



82 

three in convention assembled, it was considerable of an ac- 
tive time we knew, I can assure you. At such times I sowed 
the seeds for such "hustling" proclivities as I may enjoy at 
the present time. I looked around the old shed and high up, 
lodged in a crack, was an object that excited my curiosity. 
I investigated, only to find that it was one of the piercing 
shrieks I had emitted at one of our woodshed services. 
Right here I wish to say to those having children, do not 
oblige them to dance at the bend and rod of a willow branch. 
Here is a standing illustration of the fact that it does no good 
whatever. 

I took a stroll down the street, the first person that I 
saw was my old time sable friend, who has been known to 
man, ever since the town was incorporated, apparently, and 
I thought if the time should ever come when I should wish 
to paraphrase that beautiful poem of Tennyson's, entitled, 
" The Brook," that the revision would be : 
" For men may come and men may go, 
But Hezekiah seems likely to go on forever." 

Next I came to the Unitarian church and up in the bel- 
fry I noticed the ancient bell, whose clanging had been 
music to my soul in the years, now some ways down the cor- 
ridor of time, and from its great iron throat came floating 
down through the azure a mellow sound, that as it fell upon 
my ear, became articulate, and faintly spoken were the 
words: "Where's Chas.P., ? I'm lonesome," and then I re- 
called the old sexton, who for half a century had been 
wedded to that bell. I remember, too, the spirit and earnest- 
ness with which the old-fashioned choir sang the hymns, for 
it was in truth a part of the religious service, and the choir 
felt so, for it sang because of its religious zeal, and not be- 
cause there was a question of a salary. 

But a little farther along the street I came to the office 
of my old friend, Whittemore, an old and time-honored resi- 
dent, who, so far as I know, has managed the only judicial 
laundry the town has ever had, and the burden of whose re- 
frain has been 10 and costs. When I alighted from the train 
last evening, the first person to grasp me cordially by the 
hand, was your police force, who seems to grow more jolly 
and more rotund each time I see him. 



83 

" Music hath charms to soothe the savage soul," and to- 
day as 1 noted the incessant but not pernicious activity of 
your fellow townsman, Mr. George McLaughlin, and recalled 
that every well regulated family in this part of the state is sup- 
posed to have among its household furnishings, one of his 
New England organs, I could but think if the old adage were 
really true and music did soothe, that he must be regarded 
as the only human, active soothing syrup Cape Cod ever pro- 
duced. 

My friends, in looking over this audience, there are 
many thoughts that crowd upon me. I am like an engineer, 
I " have her wide open " and am running easily, but swiftly 
down grade with nothing to fear, unless I come in contact 
with an obstruction ; but I fear I shall meet with an obstacle 
in the guise of your displeasure, if I continue longer. I have 
already rambled more than was my original intention, and 
should I continue, it would not only be discourteous to you, 
but to the galaxy of intellectual lights whom you have met 
to hear. I have not spoken in a serious vein, for your liter- 
ary committee informed me they should not expect it, and 
because of the assertion of a friend, who assured me that if I 
undertook to be otherwise than desultory, and did not allege 
to be facetious, that all who knew me would be ready to 
swear to an affadavit, that my speech had been written for 
me, and was doing neither more nor less than could be done 
by a phonograph, so I have but given you a bit of both as a 
precursor to the more solidified feast that is to follow. 

In closing I wish to give expression to one thought, sug- 
gested forcibly by the sad observations, made this morning 
by a well known visitor, now in your midst. We who have 
come back to the old home to take part in the festivities of 
this occasioil, and, although enjoying them to the utmost, 
yet in our inner consciousness we are saddened, we feel a 
pang of sorrow as we become impressed, even in the midst of 
all this gaiety, that not a few of those who were so lovingly 
a part of our earlier life, have crossed the grim flood, with 
that same ferryman which poets write of, unto the kingdom 
of eternal life, and in revisiting the old home and the old 
haunts, we keenly realize that there are loved ones gone, and 
the taking away of their lives has taken just so much out of 



84 

the enjoyment of ours, and we recall that when the home 
knew no vacant chair, that the circle of that fireside was the 
circumference of our lives and desires. As you and I let 
our thoughts dwell upon the days of our youth, we can but 

sigh 

* * a fQj. jhg touch of a vanished hand, 
And the sound of a voice that is still." 

THE TOASTMASTER. 

We have with us to-day one so well known to you all 
that an introduction would be but a superfluity, one whom 
the people of this Commonwealth have delighted to honor, 
one who has shown his eminent qualifications for filling any 
and all positions he has been called upon to occupy, and it 
is with pleasure that I call upon Hon. John D. Long to re- 
spond to the toast: 

The New England towns — They are the nucleus of the coun- 
try's prosperity, and from which came the sturdy and brainy men, 
who have developed the land, tapped its resources, been its mental 
and financial prop and placed it at the head of the procession of na- 
tions. ^_^ 

HON. JOHN D. LONG. 

This is certainly a great day for Cape Cod. The spirit 
of celebration is echoing all along the sandy length and illu- 
minating the waters that lovingly embrace it on either side. 
On the 1st ult., we re-embalmed the Pilgrims who made 
this shore the stepping stone to the Plymouth threshold, and 
round whom, as their shattered barque came in from the per- 
ils of the deep, the Cape threw its great protecting arm. 
To-day we again honor the Pilgrim and pay our tribute to 
the fathers who planted and the sons who have watered the 
good seed, which, under the blessing of God, has had this 
great increase. 

A few months ago we celebrated the centennial of the 
inauguration of our national government. And yet, what 
we were celebrating as a beginning, was itself an accom- 
plished work, resulting not from any special cause or partic- 
ular event, but from the natural growth and development 



85 

of a political and social system, which had started at Ply- 
mouth and Boston and here in Sandwich a century and a 
half earlier. It was a system under which brave and intelli- 
gent Christian freeman, settling along our coast and expand- 
ing toward the interior, lived in simple ways, pursued 
homely avocations, tilled the soil, built vessels, engaged in 
commerce, combined hard manual labor with good social po- 
sition, enjoyed a democratic church, brought education to 
the threshold of every child, inaugurated a republican form 
of government by representation, and by a thorough train- 
ing of one hundred and fifty years prepared the popular 
mind for the responsibilities, which national independence 
brought. Thus it was that what seemed to Europe the mi- 
raculous spectacle of a people suddenly assuming self-gov- 
ernment and a constitution of equal rights, was really no 
stranger than that the oak, strong with the growth of centu- 
ries, should endure the tempest which sways its leafy top, 
but disturbs not its trunk or its roots. The institution of the 
New England town was the college in which these students in 
local self-government graduated, and every man in New Eng- 
land was such a student. As I think of their work, the con- 
summation of which we celebrate today, and the story of which 
the orator of the morning has rehearsed, I look back through 
the long vista of years with a feeling of profound respect and 
veneration. You could today in other lands have visited shrines 
of grander fame, over which are temples wrought by masters 
of architecture and gorgeous with the work of masters of art. 
You could in imagination re-create from Greek and Roman, and 
still more from Oriental ruins, the magnificent grandeur and 
glory of dynasties that have ruled the world. You could in 
Westminster Abbey hold communion with the illustrious 
dead, who won the most conspicuous glory of warrior and 
statesman, orator, poet, scholar and divine. But none of 
these suggest to us the humanit}^ and beauty and significance 
of the birthplace of a town like this. For here no broken 
column of fallen temples tells of the magnificence and luxury 
of the few, wrung from the poverty and degradation of the 
many ; no statue or shrine perpetuates not so much the 
greatness of one man as the inferiority of the body of the 
people. Here, rather began that growth of a free people. 



86 

that common recognition in town organization of the equal 
rights of all men, which could not endure that any child 
should be uneducated ; or that any poor should remain un- 
fed : or that au}^ one caste should hold supremacy, or any 
other be ground under foot; or that any slave should long 
breathe Massachusetts air. The civilization of other peo- 
ples has been a slow evolution from misty and barbarous 
beginnings, aided even by the invasion or conquest of other 
powers. Our fathers began themselves at the summit, stand- 
ing clear and self-sustained against the sunrise. There are 
no shadowy beginnings, no day of mean things ; no semi- 
barbarism, out of which there has been an exodus, but rather 
always a spirit of advanced intellectual and national life. 
No more generous enthusiasm for learning goes into your 
schools to-day, than they put into theirs. They dotted your 
landscape with the spires of churches. I love these towns, and 
sigh that for more than half the people of the Common- 
wealth they exist no longer. Think what magnificent mem- 
ories and associations they embody for us, and how crowded 
is the record of every one of them with heroic names and 
with participation in great heroic events. We are no longer 
the new world. We are venerable with age. The world 
moves now so swift that a hundred years are more than a 
thousand in the middle ages. 

We look back through the vista of two centuries and a 
half, and it is filled with great achievements in behalf of 
humanity ; with great names of heroic men and women who 
lived not afar off, but were with us and of us ; and with 
such great events as the success of popular government, 
the emancipation of human thought and faith, the abolition 
of slavery, and the inventions of science which have put the 
globe into the hollow of man's hand and made the giant 
powers of nature obedient servants of human will, and which 
will some day scoop out the Cape Cod Ship Canal as deftly 
as a lady dips a spoon. With what ancestry in the world 
shall we fear to compare ours? Our soil is rich with the 
ashes of the good and great, and our tribute goes out to 
them the more warmly because it goes not to the few ; not 
to an illustrious warrior here or a great benefactor there ; 
but to the whole body of those plain, quiet, God-fearing 



87 

and self-respecting men and women, who so raised the gen- 
eral level of their ordinary life that any distinction among 
them which they made was the accident of circumstance or 
necessity, and any distinction which we should make would 
be an injustice. What trust have they not imposed upon 
us? With them behind us, what is not our duty as the living, 
accountable citizens of this and other like communities to- 
day to those who shall follow us ? Shall we lower the stand- 
ard? Shall we not rather advance it still higher? The 
world is pleading with us from our safe and high vantage- 
ground to lend a helping hand, to reach down to our fellow- 
men and lift them up by help and by example. There never 
was a time when the moral instincts were more sensitive than 
now. Peace spreads her white wings over us. There is no 
field to-day on which to battle with bloody arms for civil 
freedom, for religious toleration or against beast or savage 
foe. Our conflict must be with the insidious forces that war 
upon the moral sentiment, that threaten corruption to our 
social and political fabric, that invade the manhood and pur- 
ity and truth of men, that impair the sanctity and happi- 
ness of home, or that would subvert the institutions that have 
made New England a paradise of living, as it is a paradise of 
varied and invigorating climate, scenery and sea shore. The 
obligations of the noble record along which you look back for 
two hundred and fifty years with so much pride are not to 
seek for great opportunities remote and afar off, but to aid in 
the circle of our own immediate influence and ability in up- 
building the citizen, in eradicating the subtle evil of intem- 
perance that is honeycombing society and the State with its 
rot ; in diifusing the common education of the people for which 
the fathers provided so seduously ; in adjusting not so much 
the cold, economic relation of capital and labor as if these were 
distinct factors, but the warm relation of man with man in 
the great struggle for happiness in which every man is a 
capitalist and every man a laborer ; and in standing firm 
against any influence or inroad that threatens the purity of 
democratic government. The civilization of the future is 
in our own hands. These great causes of temperance, of 
the education of the masses, of the purity of our politics, 
depend upon our discharge or our neglect of our duty. If 



88 

we discharge it, then are we worthy sons of worthy sires. 
If we neglect it, then is our celebration of these anniversa- 
ries, our praise of the fathers, our tribute to their virtues 
but sounding brass and tinkling cymbal. 



THE TOASTMASTER. 
It is my pleasure to give you this sentiment : 

The non-resident — Sandwich to-day opens wide her arms of 
welcome, and gives a hearty embrace to the stranger within her 
gates. She is upholstered in her nattiest attire, wears her most gra- 
cious smile and beams benignly upon her guests, as she joins the bou- 
quet of towns that have lived two hundred and fifty years, and 
although quite old, as the visitors can see, she is sound in every 
limb, not an out about her and, in fact, has but just begun to live. 
And to respond to this toast I call upon Gen. John L. Swift. 

This toast was responded to by General John L. Swift, 
of Boston, in his usual happy and eloquent manner. The 
publisher after much correspondence, regrets his inability to 
secure his response. 

The following poem, written by Miss Mary A. A. Con- 
roy, of Roxbury, was read by Dr. J. E. Pratt, secretary of 
the executive committee : — 



1639. 



So many years ago it was, 
The history hke a legend reads; 
Our fathers to fair Sandwich came, 
To seek, and found a lasting home. 
Of diverse ways, unlike in much; 
But bound by common brotherhood, 
And veneration for the rights 
Of each and ev'ry fellowman. 
From Saugus, came the pioneers, 
And chose, (unwitting artists they) 
The fairest spot on all the coast; 
Where, silver-white the shores enzone 
The sparkling sapphire of the bay. 
A cluster here of Nature's gems — 
Each vieing each, with lavish charm, 
Scusset, and Shawme, and Sagamore, 
Scorton, Spring Hill, and Manomet, 
And old Comassakumkanet ! 
Green sunny slopes, deep shady dells, 
Lying in panorama spread; 
Wooing with thousand witcheries, 
The favored one who sees, to rest. 
Stretches of velvet meadow land, 



SANDWICH. 



1889. 



Glimpses of verdure unsurpassed: 
The eye is sated, while the heart 
Is lulled amid this loveliness. 
Here gleams the lake, in placid calm; 
And here, a cheerful little rill 
Bubbling, and babbling merrily 
Offers its nectar exquisite. 
The glades, now sober in the shade, 
Smile slowly, 'neath the loving touch 
The sun bestows, and his caress. 
Their beauty fourfold magnifies. 
Here in the Spring, in sheltered nook, 
The dainty arbutus unfolds 
Its matchless beauty, tho' the snow 
Still holds the earth in chill embrace. 
Sweet harbinger ! The emblem meet 
Of hardy courage, which despite 
The buffets of an unkind fate, 
Our fathers, long ago displayed. 
Where wends the road its winding way 
Around Spring Hill, a pond peeps forth, 
Bearing in beauteous affluence. 
Hundreds of lillies, fair and sweet. 



89 



These, white and pure as childhood's dreams, 
Unconscious of their grace and charm. 
And these, all roseate with delight. 
Seeing their grace reflected there. 

Marshpee, and Wakeby's lovely ponds. 

Where silvery trout disport and hide, 

Glistening, and challenging the rod, 

May well the angler's skill invite. 

'Mid Wakeby's charms, that statesman great. 

Unrivalled Webster, first declaimed 

His famed address on Bunker Hill, 

While with John Trout, on sport intent. 

Truly a fair abiding place! 

And so they deemed it, who so well 

Defended it in every strait; 

Gave it their service, and their strength: 

Sturdy and staunch, and leal and true. 

The names of Freeman, and of Bourne, 
Nve, Dillingham, and their compeers; 
We trace, from first to last, upon 
The annals of this ancient town. 
Foremost in every need of hers, 
Their aid to ofier. When she called 
She found them ready to respond. 
As their decendants do to-day. 
With strictest justice, every law 
They 'ministered, without regard 
To rank of the offending one ; 
With their own children rigorous 
As with the mere sojourner there. 
The naughty ones, who in the church 
Grew drowsy, as the sermon prosed; 
Or, moved by wanton mischief smiled, 
Received a taste of Titus' rod. 

The first the freedom to declare, 
Of children bom of Afric blood; 
Two hundred years before the flame 
Of war broke forth for this same cause! 
The herald of that glorious dawn 
Which was to light our darkened land. 
Darkened by years of cruel wrong. 
The one blot on our nation's page. 
And, when old Titus Winchester, 
An erst-while slave, his freedom gained. 
He gave a token to the town 
To prove his fervent gratitude. 
The old clock, told for many years, 
The flying moments as they sped: 
Its broad face smiling on the place 
In approbation of the d'^ed. 

They toiled, with unremitting care, 

With purpose high, and firm resolve, 

To make their dwelling place indeed 

A home, a haven of repose. 

Themselves the object of the hate 

Of differing sects, and older creeds, 

They learned to tolerate, and shield 

The victims of mistaken zeal. 

When harshly dealt with, other-where, 

The Quakers unto Sandwich came, 

True friends they found, who scorned to use 

The power they held, but granted them 

To dwell in peace, the spirit with. 

You yet may see anear Spring Hill, 

Their meeting-place, a sylvan glen 

Environed by protecting trees. 



Here, far removed from curious eyes. 
Their God they worshipped silently. 
Their choir — the myriad songbirds were, 
Their hassocks, stones. The mossy sward 
Beneath their feet, their carpet was. 
An azure ceil, the sky above; 
No temple made by mortal hands 
Could rival this in loveliness. 

When Boston neighbors brewed the tea. 

Whose flavor ne'er had been excelled; 

Its fragrance, wafted on the breeze. 

To Shawme was carried, and became 

As an elixir to the men 

Who drooped beneath the heavy weight 

Of unjust laws, a tyrant king , 

Had on their weary shoulders laid. 

They met in solemn conclave, when 

The despot's load too weighty grew, 

And with a righteous anger, vowed 

They would no more the burden bear! 

" We never will submit !" they said, 

" To laws unjust, and vile as these!" 

Their resolutions to enforce. 

They stood prepared to fight — or die ! 

The Boston Port Bill, Tax on Tea, 

And all the arbitrary acts, 

Received their censure, while their mote 

Was freely paid the rebel cause. 

Meltiah Bourne, the timber gave 

From which the staff of freedom rose, 

And every man, and stripling too. 

Gave of his strength in freedom's cause. 

They ready were at first alarm. 

To sacrifice their little all, 

In common cause, against the wrong 

Inflicted on a struggling band, 

Struggling amid privations great. 

Contending against hostile hordes 

Of foes within. Their friends were few, 

" For liberty was treason then." 

And he who dared the hope to voice 
Of freedom from the galling yoke 
Worn by the patient colonies. 
Was rebel, and ungrateful deemed. 
Many there were, who laid their lives, 
A holocaust on freedom's shrine. 
Many who broke the fondest ties. 
Rather than leave the rebel band. 
How well they fought, let history tell; 
Their names are blazoned on her page, 
Otis, and Freeman, names that live. 
Yea, and shall live, eternally! 
Heroes there were, who nameless be. 
Dying as they had lived, unknown. 
Their humbler efforts, helped to make 
Our land, the freest 'neath the sun. 

No more they ask for royal grant. 
Which ill-secured protection gave. 
Nor treaties, broken soon as made. 
They won their rights by force of arms, 
And owe the praise, to Heav'n alone. 
Seeking not riches, but the free 
Untrammelled leave to dwell in peace 
With God, and with their fellowmen — 
The struggle past, they wrought full well 
And patient tilled the stubborn soil, 
Sowing and harvesting in turn 



90 



Till happy fields upon them smiled. 
Where late but only tangled growth 
Of strangling weeds rose rank and high, 
Orchards, and meadows, fruitful lay, 
Crowning their labor with success. 

Our aim is not in lofty verse. 
The epic of their lives to sing; 
Nor with immoderate meed of praise 
Their homeiy virtues to extol; — 
We would but in remembrance hold. 
How much to them the Present owes. 
We would but bid their offspring, all 
Their sires' achievements emulate. — 

Peace reigned. With steady fingers, time 
Decade, past decade, telling, in 
His well worn rosary of years. 

When once again, the lurid light 

Of war's dread flambeau, flashed and burned. 

And freedom's clarion tones were heard, 

Calling on all her loyal sons; 

The first to answer the appeal 

Were sons of Sandwich, brave, and true. 

Ready to fight for the oppressed. 

Ready to die, if need there were! 

Thro all the land, the wailing voice 

Of hapless, hunted slaves, was heard 

Imploring justice, craving aid. 

The imion menaced, and the flag 

We loved, insulted by the hosts 

Who saw their race was almost run; 

And feared lest right should now prevail. 

Where might so long had ruled supreme, 

A noble company, in truth 

Were they who marched from Sandwich town: 

A band of earnest, honest men. 



Some sleep beneath the blood-stained sod, 
At peace — a peace with honor gained; 
Some who returned, participate 
In these festivities to-day. 

Now, black or white, or rich or poor. 
In Sandwich town, as equals are. 
Men's deeds, not ancestry we hold 
In rev'rence, and pay homage to. 
The records of men's lives we read. 
Beginning where their worth begins; 
Ignoble brows but meanly wear, 
■The halo of a long descent. 
Still may we point with rightful pride. 
To records grand and fair as these. 
Still may we vaunt the heritage 
Our fathers left, of honest worth. 
Our aim — their failings to avoid. 
Their sturdy honesty and truth 
To make our own ; that in our turn 
Our pages read as clean as theirs. 

Where once but Puritan, and friend, 
The sole and only Christians were, 
Now dwell in kindly unity 
Members of every sect and creed. 
From every steeple, chiming peals 
Of varying sweetness call to prayer. 
Baptist and Catholic unite, 
Returning thanks for this glad day.i 
We thank Thee, God of Heav'n supreme, 
For all Thy blessings on our town. 
We pray Thy favors yet may be 
Continued, as in days of old. 
We beg for all our glorious land. 
Thy firm sustaining grace, for aye: 
True peace, and concord, fealty, 
And an abiding trust in "Thee. 



THE TOASTMASTER. 

For the speaker next to be introduced there is no set 
sentiment; not that the amount of toast has given out, but 
he wishes none to be ordered for him, so I shall not confine 
him to a prescribed theme. I now present one who is no 
stranger to you, who has recently received the benefit of 
your suffrages to the extent and effect that he is now the 
representative of the First Massachusetts District in the 
National House of Representatives, Hon. Charles S. Randall, 
of New Bedford. 



HON. CHARLES S. RANDALL. 

It gives me great pleasure to be present on this occasion 
which I feel particularly interested in as being a direct de- 
scendant of Richard Bourne, of whom the eloquent orator of 



91 

the day speaks so earnestly and witli so much force. I 
should have felt that the old documents that I have with me 
dating back two hundred years, gave me a passport to this 
occasion even had my name been overlooked by the com- 
mittee on invitations. Many valuable records, deeds and 
documents are now in my possession, in looking over which, 
I find that Richard Bourne settled in Sandwich in 1637 ; was 
an instructor to the Mashpee Indians in 1658, and was or- 
dained by Elliott and Cotton in 1670 as a preacher and died 
in 1682. He had two sons: John was born in Sandwich in 
1670, moved to Rochester, Plymouth County, in 1699, 
bought land there from one Doty, married one Elizabeth Ar- 
nold, daughter of Samuel Arnold, the first minister settled 
in the town of Rochester, and died May 5, 1709. His 
daughter, Elizabeth Arnold Bourne, married Charles Sturte- 
vant, of Plymouth, who settled upon the farm of her father, 
John Bourne, who was my great great grandfather ; and that 
property, settled by the son of Richard Bourne in 1699, in 
Rochester, now belongs to myself and to members of ray 
family. 

Here the speaker read from an old deed of one of the 
sons of Richard Bourne, conveying to his son a tract of land 
on Herring River, in which was stated, " that he was to 
maintain a mill for the grinding of corn of the people of 
Sandwich, and always keep the mill in satisfactory repair, 
and that he should grind the corn for the said people for two 
quarts per bushel, and in failure to comply with that stipula- 
tion the property to revert to the heirs-at-law." Another 
extract from the will of a daughter of Richard Bourne show- 
ing the religious spirit that entered into their daily life, was 
as follows : " Being desirous to get my house in order, and 
knowing that my departure out of this world draweth nigh, 
I do make and ordain this my last will and testament, giving 
my soul to God and my body to be buried at the discretion 
of my executors, and of such worldly estate as it has pleased 
God to bless me with, " etc. I read this extract to show the 
contrast between the business methods of that and the pres- 
ent day. 



92 

THE TOASTMASTER. 

Among those who went through tlie long march this 
noon were not a few of the old veterans, to whom such a 
march in the years past was not a serious task; but today 
they staggered, not only beneath the scorching rays of the 
sun, but under the weight of advanced years. I think they 
will be amply repaid for their exertions when I shall an- 
nounce the next speaker, for he is one who has the best 
wishes of the old soldiers at heart. In this connection I 
want to tell a little story. When the war broke out there 
was a little fellow in a small town of Hampshire county, 
only thirteen years of age who was bound to go to the front. 
His good mother demurred, yet he was determined to go and 
upon the assurance that he would be well looked after by 
some of the larger boys, her consent was given, and the lad 
enlisted as drummer boy in Co. C. 10th Regiment, and in the 
array records became known as the drummer boy of the 
Rappahannock. During the long marches, when the short 
legs of the diminutive drummer boy would weaken, and 
marching was a severe ordeal for him, the great, strong men 
would take him on their shoulders, and while he slept they 
would carry him over many a weary mile. It gives me 
great pleasure, in calling upon him at this time, not so much 
because he is your guest, not because he is Past Department 
Commander of the veterans of this commonwealth, but be- 
cause of our personal friendship, and I give this sentiment : 

The soldier in time of war, the bulwark of the nation ; in time 
of peace one whom it is a dehght to honor ; one who compels our 
admiration, as he " Shoulders his crutch and shows how fields are 
won." For all he dared, remember him today. And to respond I 
call upon the " Drummer Boy of the Rappahannock," Col. Myron P. 
Walker, of Belchertown. 

RESPONSE OF COL. MYRON P. WALKER. 

I fully appreciate the opportunity to be present today 
and take part in the festivities of this important and joyous 
occasion. I thank you, brother Pope, for your introduction 
which is kind, I fear far beyond my merit, and I am grate- 
ful to this splendid audience for so cordial a greeting. You 
may be sure, however, that I will not impose upon your good 



93 

nature, and that my observations will certainly possess, at 
least, the merit of brevity. Your historian and others have, 
in story, made interesting the events which you celebrate to- 
day, of which I had little previous knowledge, and yet I can 
rejoice with you, because your glory is the glory of Massa- 
chusetts, and though I came from the hills and villages of a 
distant county still, anything and everything which tends 
to the credit of our beloved commonwealth awakens in me 
the satisfaction and pride which is at all times becoming in 
her faithful and loyal sons wherever they may dwell. 

I love to hear the old stories of the trials and hardships 
of our ancestors ; they are to me an inspiration, and when- 
ever I hear or think about them, I become more deeply im- 
pressed with the value of our own possessions. And yet, in 
connection with the sentiment you have given to me, there 
comes the thought, that in this age of progress, we must not 
place our dependence upon ancient history or tradition. 
We must not be content with the record made by our sires, 
but instead, build monuments which, in our own hereafter, 
will tell that we, too, had some part and share in the great- 
ness and splendor of our nation. 

It is not out of place at this time, nor will it ever be, to 
remember that there came a time when the monuments build- 
ed by our forefathers — when the very life of our nation, was 
threatened with destruction. Then it was that the men of 
our time came to the rescue ; the fires of patriotism were 
kindled anew ; the American citizen became the soldier, 
" the bulwark of the nation," and thanks to his valor and 
sacrifice, the nation which came into existence under our an- 
cestors, was preserved for us and for future generations, 
great, glorious and truly free. 

This is not a soldier's day, as I understand it, but as 
your eye rests upon the veteran soldiers and sailors who par- 
ticipate in these exercises, it is well to remember that they 
have erected monuments which will ever represent patriotism 
in its highest and purest sense; fidelity to the constitution 
and laws of one's country, devotion to liberty and humanity 
unparalleled in the history of the world. Of course it is al- 
ways a pleasure for me to talk about my veteran friends, be- 
cause I believe in them and know something of what they 



94 

have accomplished. Other veterans may have made our 
country, but the soldiers and sailors of '61 to '65 proved them- 
selves the ''bulwark of the nation," aud the seal of Appo- 
mattox is upon their worki 

I am not unmindfnl of the fact that during the war 
splendid and patriotic service was rendered by thousands of 
loyal men and women who did not go to the front. They 
gave liberally of their time and substance to sustain the 
armies in the field, and if my memory serves me, the town of 
Sandwich with a population of less than 4600 in 1860, appro- 
priated and expended on account of the war more than 
•133,000 and paid for aid to the families of your soldiers more 
than .'120,000, which was afterwards refunded by the State. 
This is a splendid record, but the same authority states that 
you furnished for the army and nav}^ about four hundred 
men, which was a surplus of two over and above all demands 
made upon you. Oh ! my friends, it is one thing to love your 
country and its flag, but it is something entirely different to 
be willing to fight and if need be die for them. You who re- 
mained at home gave and sacrificed much, but the men who 
went to the front on the land or on the sea, gave more. They 
parted from home and loved ones, and for long and many 
years faced danger and death. For what ? personal advance- 
ment or gain ? Oh no! but that the union might be preserved. 
A race enslaved know the blessings of liberty, and may the 
beautiful flag of our country be preserved as your flag and 
mine without a stain, and without the loss of a single star. 

Think kindly of these old veterans my friends ! You 
won't have them with you long, and when the historian of 
two hundred and fifty years hence shall tell his story, I fancy 
that by the side of the man who made possible our country, 
he will place the man who defended and saved it in the hour 
of greatest peril, proving themselves in every sense, " the bul- 
wark of the nation." 

THE TOASTMASTER. 

And now we have the old bell man. No one is better 
known in your midst. The old bell man, may he long con- 
tinue as the silent partner of that old bell ; may he be tied 
to that bell rope for many years to come, and we con- 



95 

gratulate him that he can stop its nois}' tongue whenever he 
wishes. I present to you Sandwich's oldest church sexton, 
in point of years of service — Mr. Charles E. Pope. 

CHARLES E. POPE. 

I feel somewhat scrupulous in occupying any portion of 
your time, on this interesting and indeed rare occasion, by re- 
lating an experience of a half-century at a church bell-rope ; 
but a word or two in reference to the old town of my birth, 
and of which I am still a citizen. We learn, both from his- 
tory and tradition, that ninety-four years before the birth of 
George Washington, the first President of our Great Repub- 
lic, which today embraces a population exceeding sixty-five 
millions of souls, or, in other words, in the year 1638, as the 
summer season had drawn to its close, a little company of 
men women and children left their homes in the town of 
Saugus, of which Lynn was originally a part, and sailed 
along the Atlantic coast to the shore of Cape Cod, there 
they landed and located themselves by the seaside in what 
was then a wilderness bearing the Indian name " Shawme," 
which is today, our little town of Sandwich. The motives 
which prompted them to come hither, were better known to 
themselves than to us. Judging from the moral and religious 
character of the Puritans and their immediate descendants, as 
well as others scattered abroad over different sections of New 
England, at that early period, I draw the conclusion that those 
pioneers must have been moved by the same spirit that filled 
the heart of the Saviour of the world, (according to the Gos- 
pel narrative) when he went out from that Jewish Synagogue 
into a mountain to pray, nearly nineteen hundred years ago, 
for that little band brought with them an organized church 
and planted it here whose two hundred and fiftieth anniversary 
was celebrated in the old First Church and Parish one year ago. 
To that church they were devoted and gave it a strong moral 
and religious support, as well as a legal one, for our country at 
that early period was under a provincial government subject 
to the laws of Great Britain, with King Charles the First 
sitting upon its throne. It was church and state here and 
everywhere throughout New England, people without dis- 
tinction were required by law to be taxed for the support 



96 

of the gospel whether they believed it or not. How striking 
indeed is the contrast between the religious ideas entertained 
by those early settlers, to those who surround us at the 
present hour. Under our republican form of government, 
where we are protected in the right to free labor and free 
speech, we are also permitted to worship God according to 
conscience. That is truly the great American idea, and as an 
American citizen I make the assertion, without reserve, I 
would not have any religious sect of Christendom or the 
wide world to gain that ascendency in our country whereby 
they might (if they choose) establish their system of re- 
ligious faith as a state religion. God forbid ! for in such an 
event, we might lay our hand upon our heart and exclaim : 
Farewell to American Liberty. 

Today we gather ourselves here with families and 
friends, both at home and from abroad, around this festive 
board, to celebrate the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary 
of its incorporation as a town, and we have listened with in- 
terest this day, to the stories told of our ancestry. Coming 
here as they did, and landing upon the sterile soil and bar- 
ren sands of Cape Cod, on the third day of September, with 
an eye to an approaching winter, they undoubtedly endured 
and suffered privations common to all first settlers. In the 
formation of their settlement, after providing themselves 
places of shelter and thence passing away the long and 
dreary months of winter, when the spring-time had come, 
their attention must have been given to the tillage of the 
soil, to the cultivation of such crops as were necessary to 
their physical support, therefore farming must have been 
their leading industry and continued so for more than a cen- 
tury and a half. More popular indeed was that calling to 
them and to their immediate descendants than us at the pres- 
ent period of our history. As we stand here day after day 
and gaze upon the hills and vales we occupy, we can picture 
to our imagination the farmers of the olden time feeding their 
flocks and herds. The little streams that gurgled forth from 
the hillsides were stayed, in their natural course to the sea, by 
the raising of dams and the building of mills, in which to 
grind the grain the product of their farms. I stand before 
you today a young man, comparatively speaking, to the age of 



97 

our ancient town; yet I can call distinctly to mind when 
there were eight little grain mills in running operation in dif- 
ferent sections of the original Sandwich. There was one at 
East Sandwich, one at Spring Hill, one here in Sandwich 
proper on the site and stream where the Sandwich Tag Com- 
pany's factory now stands, owned and run by the enterprising 
Nye Brothers, one at Scussett, now Sagamore, the birthplace 
and early home of the late Benjamin Burgess, who after- 
wards became a wealthy Boston merchant and was dis- 
tinguished among us in carrying on ship building in that lo- 
cality, one at Herring River, now bearing the romantic name 
of Bournedale, one at Monument, now the seat of government 
of the new town of Bourne, and which has so recently taken 
her place among the incor[)orate bodies of our Commonwealth, 
one at Pocasset, one at Cataumet, making three in Sandwich 
and five in Bourne. Those eight little grain mills gave em- 
ployment to eight millers, and I venture to say, judging from 
the economical mode of living in those days, that the proceeds 
of their grinding gave support to eight families. Since then 
that small industry has passed entirely away so that our peo- 
ple have been obliged to look abroad for their meal, and our 
farmers placed under the necessity of driving their teams 
with grain of their own raising, from nine to fifteen miles, to 
Marston's Mills or Waquoit, to be ground into meal. I am 
happy to say that an association has been recently formed in 
the eastern section of the town whose members have shown 
themselves progressive and with an eye also to their own per- 
sonal interest, have built a mill for themselves in which 
to grind their grain and also to serve as an accommodation to 
the people at large. There was also running at that time 
three little tanneries at East Sandwich, Spring Hill and in 
this locality, where the hides, taken from the cattle of our 
farmers, were carried, and thrust into vats and passed through 
the tanning process into leather, thence taken to the benches 
of the village cobblers and made into shoes for husbands 
and wives, sons and daughters, to wear, and I fanc}' the youths 
and maidens of today would blush to wear the boots and 
shoes of those by-gone days. 

In the winter of 1824-25 a man, by the name of Jabez 
Dame, p.9,rae to Sandwich, prospecting under the direction of 



98 

the late Deming Jarves, a man well known to our older citi- 
zens. He passed around among the people in a quiet unsus- 
pecting manner until he accomplished his purpose in the pur- 
chase of the site upon which the Boston & Sandwich Glass 
Factory now stands, whereupon a small building was erected, 
or " crib," as modern glass-makers would term it, which sig- 
nifies a building of small capacity in which to carry on glass- 
making on a small scale, and under the guidance and super- 
intendence of Mr. Jarves, glass-making was commenced in 
Sandwich on the fourth day of July, 1825. Soon after a 
stock company was formed and became incorporated, under 
the style of the Boston & Sandwich Glass Company, their 
works were enlarged, more substantial buildings were con- 
structed, business rapidly increased as well as population 
both by births and families moving into the town. Sand- 
wich at that time took the lead, in growth, of other towns of 
Barnstable county. Twenty-three hundred acres of wood- 
land were purchased, which is in possession of the company 
today. Three thousand cords of oak and pine wood were 
annually consumed in the furnaces of the works, aside from 
that used by the inhabitants, which gave employment to 
fifty pairs of oxen, owned by the company and the farmers 
around. The number of yoke are at this time reduced to a 
unit and can be represented by the index finger of my right 
hand. By the location of the Sandwich glass works here 
was created a home market for the sale of the surplus pro- 
duce of our farmers. Those were indeed the palmy days of 
Sandwich ; but alas ! in consequence of the formation of 
labor organizations springing up throughout the manufactur- 
ing sections of our country, creating a conflict between cap- 
ital and labor, the fires of the Boston & Sandwich Glass 
Company have become extinguished, and to us it appears a 
foregone conclusion that those fires have gone out forever, as 
far as the manufacture of glassware is concerned. 

I will not extend my remarks by speaking of other de- 
parted industries of Sandwich ; but will close by adopting 
the sentiment embraced in our Governor's Proclamations, 
"God save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts," having 
faith to believe that there may yet appear above the horizon 
" a cloud with a silver lining," will further ask that the In- 



99 



finite One who sees the little sparrow 
prosper the old town of Sandwich. 



fall, will save and 



ODE, 



WRITTEN DY DANIEL F. CHESSMAN, OF SANDWICH, AND SUNG TO THE TUNE OF AMERICA. 



Here, where our fathers came, 
Through love to Christ's dear name, 

To him to pray ; — 
Breasting Atlantic's waves, 
Fearless of Indian braves, 
Or where might be their graves, 

We come, this day. 

"Right Arm" of " Old Bay State," 
The billows round it wait 

The will of God; — 
Clasped firm in its embrace, 
Obedient to His grace. 
The Wand'rers found their place 

On " Old Cape Cod." 

Here, where the Pilgrims dwelt, 
Here, where to God they knelt. 

By this broad bay ; — 
Here, where their noble deeds, 
Their largest hope excefeds. 
And fills our highest needs. 

We come, this day. 



They loved these sand girt shores. 
There briny water roars, — 

They loved them well ; — 
Te prize these rolling seas. 
The rushing ocean breeze. 
The blasts that bend our trees, 

Love where we dwell. 

Then let exultant song. 

Roll heaven's high arch along, 

In grateful praise; — 
Here, where our lot is cast. 
We reap, in mercies vast. 
Rich harvests of the past. 

In these last days. 

Our fathers loved the truth, 
And in our country's youth. 

Maintained the right; — 
Now let their sons arouse. 
Redeem their father's vows, 
Each righteous cause espouse 

In love and might. 



CLOSING REMARKS BY THE TOASTMASTER. 

This closes the post-prandial exercises. There was to 
have been a musical selection at this time, but the lateness of 
the hour and the departure of the musicians necessitates its 
omission. I might make use of the stereotyped assertion 
that we will all meet again at the next celebration, but will 
content myself with simply asking you to accept the benedic- 
tion of the Pope. 



l.ol 



THE BOAT CARNIVAL. 



The Venetian Boat Carnival was the prettiest sight of 
the entire day. It occurred soon after seven o'clock, and 
consisted of some forty boats, barges and floats, beautifully 
trimmed and festooned with Japanese lanterns and bunting, 
and as the brilliant boat procession passed over the pictur- 
esque lake cheer upon cheer was given by the thousands of 
people that lined all the shores. As the flotilla approached 
the exhibition raft of Messrs. Hasten & Wells, the boats 
were bombarded with water batteries, throwing colored fires 
of crimson, ruby and emerald. Rockets exploded on the 
water surface, fiery fountains threw up their golden spray, 
geysers of fire filled the air with phosphoric flames, wheels 
revolved and scattered silver mist and crimson illumination, 
contorting serpents and exploding dragons rose from the 
water and discharged at the fleet flames of dazzling fire, 
while floating fires covered the water in all directions among 
the fleet from shore to shore. No little credit is due Mr. F. 
E. Elwell, the well-known sculptor, and a summer resident 
of Sandwich, who personally conducted this carnival in a sim- 
ilar manner to those he had witnessed abroad. 



101 
THE FIREWORKS. 



The display of fireworks under the personal direction of 
Messrs. Masten and Wells, of Boston, from Tobey's Point 
bordering the lake, commenced immediately after the boat 
carnival and continued nearly two hours in the presence of 
5000 people. The extensive illuminations in the immediate 
vicinity added very much to the grandeur of this part of the 
day's exercises. The display was pronounced the largest and 
most elaborate ever seen in Barnstable county. The pro- 
gramme comprised twenty-nine pieces, besides innumerable 
rockets, roman candles, colored fires, etc. The following set 
pieces, which concluded this feature of the day's exercises 
were particularly interesting: — 

The first settler, " The Indian Hunter," reappears in view 
with his bow and arrows, exhibits his skilful use of those in- 
struments in war or peaceful hunt. 

The grand finale of the evening's display was preceded 
by an illumination of red, white and blue, disclosing the final 
exhibit, which consisted of a magnificent Ionic column. A 
shaft of 35 feet was seen richly decorated with lance work 
and fluted tiers of fire. The shaft was encircled with a 
wreath of ruby and agate jewelry and adorned with a ribbon 
of silver, bearing the date 1639 — 1889, with the name of 
Sandwich in its centre. At the base of the column sprang 
immense mines of meteoric and gun fires, mosaic batteries, 
etc. The capital supported an immense globe of silver and 
golden fire upon the top of which the American eagle was 
seen, perched with extended wings, as if about to make his 
aerial flight; and on either side of the column from flag staff 
and spear head, gracefully draped the flags of the Union, in 
red, white and blue, and amid the discharge of rockets, music 
and batteries, common bombs and clustered shells, the final 
design expired and the display ended. 

THE BALL 



The ball at the Casino which fittingly closed the exer- 
cises of the day, was the grandest event on record in south- 



102 

eastern Massachusetts. The spacious ball room looked 
charming in its elaborate dress of delicate shades of blue, 
pink and nile green muslin material, artistically festooned 
from the sides to the centre. The colors blended well to- 
gether, and with the powerful electric lights, the handsome 
costumes of the ladies and gentlemen in full evening dress, 
the scene was a brilliant one to behold. The music by the 
Germania band, of Boston, ten pieces, was the finest ever 
heard in Sandwich, which is saying much, and so pleased 
were those present with their selections, that they were ap- 
plauded again and again. There were present several digni- 
taries, including Lieut. Governor Brackett, and two members 
of his staff in full military uniform, Councillor Keith, of Sag- 
amore, Senator W. A. Clark Jr., of Lynn, Hon. W. W. 
Crapo, of New Bedford, Col. M. P. Walker, of Belchertown, 
Judge Harriman, Ex-Senator Howes Norris, of Cottage City, 
Col. Benj. S. Lovell, of Weymouth, and many others. 

The success of the ball is due to the untiring efforts of 
A. Frank Sherman as director, assisted by Theodore L. 
Southack, Arthur Braman, William A. Nye, Francis Mur- 
phy, John A. Holway, Frank O. Ellis, James H. Kellehar, 
Dr. G. E. White, W. R. Gibbs Jr., Eben C. Keith, as aids. 
It is estimated that one hundred couples were on the floor, 
besides a large crowd of interested spectators. 



CELEBRATION NOTES. 

TO BARNSTABLE. 



Editors of the Patriot : — 

Will you permit me space for a few words to the people 
of Barnstable ? During last and the earlier part of this year 
it was hoped that the sister towns which were incorporated 
together in 1639, would unite in a celebration commensurate 
with their combined wealth and the importance of the occa- 
sion of their 250th anniversary. Early in this year Yar- 
mouth and Dennis withdrew from the alliance, but there was 
still hope and expectation, indeed, that the remaining towns 
— Barnstable, Sandwich and Bourne would pull together 
and have a union celebration in accordance not only with the 
wishes of the several towns as expressed in town meetings, 
but with the desire, as nearly as could be ascertained, of 
their individual citizens. The action of the Barnstable 
committee in postponing for fifty years their celebration left 
Sandwich and Bourne alone in the matter. Notwithstanding 
these disappointments, our people have taken hold with com- 
mendable zeal and pushed forward the preparations for such 
an event as we have the ability to provide. 

Through the town's generous appropriation and the very 
liberal donations of the people of Bourne and absent friends 
of the old town, we are able to announce attractions for the 3d 



104 

of September of considerable variety and proportions. The 
people in the several villages of Barnstable have already 
been made acquainted with the general programme for that 
day from the large posters already displayed. 

I desire in behalf of the joint committees of Sandwich 
and Bourne, to extend a cordial invitation to the people of 
Barnstable, to participate in these festivities and help us cel- 
ebrate fittingly the history and memories of two hundred and 
fifty years. J. E. Pratt, Secretary. 

SPECIAL NOTICE. 



Office of the Selectmen. 
Sandwich, Aug. '29. 
Teams will not be allowed on the streets through which 
the procession will move, during the parade, September 3. 
The explosion of firecrackers, torpedoes, bombs, guns or 
pistols, on the streets or squares, during the day or evening, 
is positively forbidden. 

Chas. Dillingham, \ 

Benj. F. Chamberlain, > Selectmen of Sandwich. 

F. H. Burgess, ) 

Ex-Gov. Long was late in reaching Sandwich, owing 
to the tracks being blockaded near Quincy. 

Mr. Walter G. Hamlen, a local printer, circulated a very 
attractive advertising sheet which contained the official pro- 
gramme of the day. 

Mrs. R. C. Clark had on her piazza as the procession 
passed a spinning wheel over 150 years old and other articles 
of interest to those who stopped for inspection. 

The State Police as well as the officers from Brockton 
who were on duty, say that a more orderly crowd is seldom 
found. Not an arrest was made during the day. 

Both the Boston Globe and Boston Herald in the issue 
of Sunday, September 1, had lengthy articles, finely illustra- 
ted, of a historic character on the old town of Sandwich. 



105 

The Governor's staff was represented by Cols. E. H. 
Woods and A. L. Newman ; the Governor's conncil by- 
Messrs. Keith, Johnson, Fuller and Jewell, and Lieut. Gov. 
Brackett. 

It has been very entertaining to read of the celebrations 
in the quaint old Cape towns this week. If the world had 
seen as much of the Cape people as the Cape people have seen 
of the world they would not have been so much misunderstood. 
— Boston Globe. 

Railroad sandwiches are notoriously long lived and cor- 
respondingly tough, but Massachusetts has a Sandwich al- 
most 250 years old and as fresh as ever. It will have a grand 
quarter millenial celebration, in September in which the child 
it has. Bourne, will take part. — Brockton Gazette. 

In the afternoon at three o'clock, there was a most ex- 
citing game of base ball on the grounds in the rear of the 
large tent, which was witnessed by a large number, be- 
tween the Bristols of New Bedford and Athletics of Sand- 
wich. The Athletics were defeated in a score of 6 to 3. 

Everybody enjoyed the celebration, particularly the 
beautiful and unique feature of the Venetian boat carnival 
on Pleasant Lake in the evening, the prettily lighted boats 
and the fine pyrotechnic exhibition, presenting a brilliant 
scene. The road from Plymouth to Sandwich was found to 
be a terribly hard one to drive over, and there were none who 
traversed the distance who did not wish for that long con- 
templated railroad between the two places. — Plymouth Me- 
morial. 

Cape Cod has town triplets in Barnstable, Yarmouth and 
Sandwich. They were born on the same day and are each 
250 years old. Sandwich and Yarmouth kept open house for 
all their relations, and there were a right good time with 
much inspiration of music and eloquence. Barnstable for 
some reason did not entertain, but contented itself with a 
great retrospect of the past and the present satisfaction of 
having a new collector doing business, what there is of it, at 
the old stand. — Boston Traveller, 



106 

It is an undisputed fact that the grand ball was the 
finest and most dressy affair ever held on Cape Cod, or its 
immediate vicinity. The committee having it in charge are 
to be congratulated on their success. The electric lights 
which were furnished by the plant used on the mammoth 
dredge in the construction of the Cape Cod canal, and 
kindly loaned by the contractor, Mr. Frederick A. Lock- 
wood were the first ever exhibited on Cape Cod and added 
very materially to the grandeur of the ball. — [Falmouth 
Local. 

A notable incident of the day was the appearance of 
Miss Ethel Soule, daughter of Mr. Nathaniel P. Soule, of 
New Bedford, whose wife is a native of Sandwich, as the 
Goddess of Liberty, in front of the residence of Mrs. J. W. 
Dalton. She stood under a canopy made of bunting of the 
national colors and was beautifully draped in the American 
flag. While the procession passed before her she waved two 
tiny flags, one the star-spangled banner the other the emblem 
of Erin. Her youthful appearance captivated the beholders 
and brought forth from the marching lines salutations and 
encomiums of praise. — [TJie Barnstable County Journal. 

Up from the Cape there have been heard this week 
harmonious sounds of celebration — the reading of poems, 
the delivery of addresses and sermons, the singing of gongs 
and the pleasant, congratulatory words of visitors to histori- 
cal old towns. Across the streets of Sandwich, now more 
popular than ever in its history, green arches of welcome 
have given the region a look of unwonted luxuriance of veg- 
etation ; in the churches of Yarmouth, have been hung gar- 
lands of festivities, and in all the houses of the neighbor- 
hood there has been the appearance of especial cheer. The 
towns of Cape Cod have always appreciated the respectable 
prestige of ancient settlement. When the landing of the 
Pilgrims at Plymouth was given its recent grand remem- 
brance, Provincetown was proudly silent in the knowledge 
that the first visit of the Mayflower to New England was 
paid to her shores, and that the real landing of the Pilgrims 
in this country was accomplished upon the sands of the top 
of Cape Cod. Whether on account of the lack of pretence 



107 

shown by Provincetown or because of indifference, the his- 
tory of the Cape is not known, as it should be, by the rest 
of the State ; and a celebration like that of this week's anni- 
versary serves a useful purpose in showing the character of 
the past and the condition of the present. The thrift, the 
industry and the independence of the New England people 
are nowhere illustrated more effectively than in the towns of 
Cape Cod, by no means as barren and as poor in giving sus- 
tenance as the majority of people believe. — [Boston Journal. 



During the day there were Band concerts as follows : 

Bourne Band, 7.30, Post Office Square. 

Middleboro Band, 2.30, Post Office Square. 

Hill's Band, 4, Post Office Square. 

Bourne Band, 3, near Town Hall. 

Siagamore Band, 3, Base Ball Grounds. 

Middleboro Band, 7, near Linekin's House. 

Bourne Band, 7, opposite R. T. Pope'a. 



LETTERS. 



Bar Harbor, Me., Aug. 10, 1889. 
Your letter of the 8th instant, inviting the President to 
be present on the occasion of the 250th anniversary of the 
founding of Sandwich, has been received. He directs me to 
thank you and the Selectmen for the courtesy of the invita- 
tion to attend this very interesting commemoration, but the 
pressure of public duty will prevent him from doing himself 
the pleasure of joining with you in the exercises of this day. 
Yours Very Truly, 

E. W. Halford, Private Secretary. 



Marion, Mass., Aug. 15, 1889. 
We are in the midst of packing in readiness to leave here 
today for Northern New York, where we shall remain until 
after the date of the Sandwich celebration to which you 
kindly invited us. This will prevent our acceptance of your 
courteous invitation, but in behalf of Mrs. Cleveland and for 



108 

myself, I desire to thank you for remembering us in connec- 
tion with this interesting occasion and to assure j^ou that we 
shall always be glad that we have had a glimpse of your beau- 
tiful village. Hoping that your anniversary celebration may 
be thorouglily enjoyed by all who are fortunate enough to 
participate. I am Yours Very Truly, 

Grover Cleveland. 



Buzzards Bay, July 28, 1889. 
I am in receipt of your postal announcing my election 
to a membership on the invitation committee. Believe me 
that I fully appreciate the honor and only regret that my 
present engagements will take up all the time I have to 
spare. I shall however try and be present at this interesting 
occasion of the 250th anniversary of your incorporation. 

Faithfully Yours, 

J. Jefferson. 

Boston, Aug. 29, 1889. 
I wrote to Mr. Dillingham that I could not be depended 
upon for an address as I have no data and am not facile in 
such matters ; besides I am suffering from a very severe cold, 
which leaves me with a bad head and no voice just now. If 
I feel better I will go to the celebration and say a word if I 
can think of anything; but if I do not fully recover I can 
not go at all. However, " I never will be missed," and so 
here's success to the celebration, whether I am present or 
not. I am Yours Very Truly, 

Patrick A. Collins. 



Taunton, Mass., Sept. 4, 1889. 
Will you have the kindness to express to your committee 
my congratulations at the grand success of your celebration. 
Knowing as I do, the anxiety and labor involved, T can ap- 
preciate their work and its good results. I am grateful for 
the courtesy and kindness shown me in my attendance. 
Yours Very Truly, 

S. Hopkins Emery, 
President Old Colony Historical Society. 



109 

Boston. Feb. 21, 18S9. 
Your favor of the 20th inst. received, and in rei)ly — I 
have no letters to publish. Everybody came, liad a good 
time, went home happy, and no doubt would like to see and 
enjoy another 250th anniversary of the old town of Sand- 
wich. I do not care to have my speech incorporated in the 
report, but I do desire to thank the mother town for the 
great generosity and courtesy with which she treated her 
offspring on that occasion and to extend to her a very hearty 
invitation to the 250th anniversary of her offspring, and to 
every public occasion to come before that time. 
Very truly yours, 

Isaac N. Keith, 



Hyannis, July 27, 1 889. 
Yours of today received, I am pleased to learn that the 
town of Sandwich has decided, to celebrate its Quarter Mil- 
lennial Anniversary. No one regrets more than myself, that 
Barnstable, ray native town, should have refused, through its 
committee, to unite with you. I wish to thank the execu- 
tive committee, for their kind remembrance in making me a 
member of the committee on literary exercises. While I 
would be pleased to do what I could to make the celebration 
a success, I cannot see my way clear to accept. The towns 
of Sandwich and Bourne have an abundance of material from 
which to draw for the committee. With my best wishes for 
the success of the celebration, I enclose my check to assist in 
defraying the expense. I remain 

Yours Truly, 

Samuel Snow. 



Detroit, Sept. 9, 1889. 
On my return from Europe I find your card with the in- 
vitation to the 250 Anniversary of the incorporation of the 
town of Sandwich, and I beg to explain that the want of 
courtesy in not answering the same arose solely from my 
absence from Detroit. Hoping that you had asuccessful and 
pleasant meeting, believe me 

Sincerely Yours, 

Deming Jarves. 



no 

Alburgh Springs, Vt., Aug. 13, 1889. 
I thank you for your very urgent and kind invitation to 
participate in the unusually interesting celebration you men- 
tion. It would give me great pleasure to accept, but I am 
sorry to be compelled to write that I cannot. I have had a 
sick family all summer about me and just succeeded in get- 
ting it out of town to the mountains. I shall not get away 
from here until the last of the month, and then 1 have en- 
gagements until the last of September. I trust that I shall 
not be missed in the hosts that will gather at your celebra- 
tion, and that everything will so transpire as to produce the 
greatest success and highest enjoyment. 
Very Truly Yours, 

George M. Steans. 



West Newton, Aug. 30, 1889. 
Your kind invitation is received with thanks as I return 
from Maine this A. m. It will give Mrs. Allen and self great 
pleasure to be present on this interesting occasion and to 
learn more of the history of the ancient town. Mrs. Allen 
is the eldest daughter of James Nye Bassett and his wife, 
Rebecca Freeman, both natives of Sandwich (East Sand- 
wich.) While not a native of Sapdwich, I claim a goodly 
heritage. My mother, Lucy Lane, of Scituate, descending 
from the Pilgrim stock, and my father, Ellis Allen, of Med- 
field from the Puritans. Besides having many relatives in 
your town, there are quite a number of our former students, 
residents of Sandwich. 

Yours Truly, 

Nathaniel T. Allen. 



Barnstable, Mass., Aug. 31, '89. 
I have received your kind invitation. I regret to say 
that on account of an accident to one of my family, I 
shall be unable to attend. Please accept my thanks and con- 
gratulations on the happy event you celebrate. 
Very Truly Yours, 

Smith K. Hopkins. 



Ill 

Kansas City, Mo., Aug. 28, 1889. 
It is with regret that I am so much engaged at present 
to be unable to assemble with you in my beloved birthplace. 
Sandwich, with my dear relatives, also with my merry com- 
rades of the late war and companions of youth, as well as 
my good old school teachers. You cannot imagine the 
merry thoughts of my youthful days that come back to me 
as I look over the illustration on my card of invite, and how 
I wish I could join with you and take part in the pleasure of 
a grand time, that I expect you will have, in a good old town 
filled with as fine a body of fellowmen, women and children, 
as ever were born in any town in the Bay State or any other 
State. Accept my best wishes for pleasant weather and a 
good time. I wish I could be with you for many reasons. 
First, to meet my relatives and friends, also to take a look at 
the graves of my good father and sister now sleeping in your 
midst. God made him good if not great, and beloved by his 
fellowmen. Hoping you will remember his good ways while 
he lived, in behalf of the town's good, I remain a true and 
loving son of my old town of Sandwich. 

Daniel V. Kern. 



New Bedford, Sept. 2, 1889. 
I regret very much my inability to be able to join with 
your Post and my fellow-townsmen in the grand celebration. 
Should there be any historical record written upon the cel- 
ebration, I wish you would see that I have the honor of be- 
ing the first native born citizen, who volunteered in the war 
of the Rebellion, enlisted with the New Bedford city Guard 
in Boston, April 17, 1861, and mustered into service at Fort- 
ress Munroe, Va., April 19, 1861. 

Yours in F. C. and L., 

George H. Freeman. 



Boston, Aug. 10, 1889. 
Enclosed please find my check for $60. I shall be pres- 
ent with you September 3, if I possibly can. 
Yours Truly, 

Howard W. Spurr. 



112 

Newark, N. J., August 3, 1889. 
Mrs. J. Wolcott Jackson has great pleasure in respond- 
ing to the call to contribute towards the celebration of old 
Sandwich, as the families of Nye, Fish, Freeman and Fes- 
senden, from whom she is decended, were all (except the 
last) residents of the place as early as 1636 or '36, the Fes- 
sendens being then at Cambridge, and the Rev. Benjamin 
Fessenden settling in Sandwich in 1722. As the birthplace 
of her sister and herself, her parents Capt. Ezra Nye, and 
Mrs. Nancy Fessenden Nye and of many generations of 
grandparents, she holds old Sandwich in warm affection and 
veneration, and wishes to have the names of her childrea 
and grandchildren recorded as well as her own, as honoring 
the memory of a Godly ancestry, who helped to found the 
present old town. She wishes to subscribe in the name of 
her sister now in Europe — Mrs. Joseph H. Patten. Mr. 
Jackson cordially sympathizes in those feelings, and hopes it 
possible to be present with members of his family, at the 
coming celebration which may the Lord render eminently 
successful. 



FoxBOEO June 26, 1889. 
I am glad that Sandwich has decided to celebrate; and 
you can count on me for 'tlO. when needed. The natural 
scenery exceeds by far many towns that possiblj^ may be 
more prosperous but cannot exceed in beauty and grandeur. 
I trust the celebration will prove a success. I shall en- 
deavor to be present. 

Respectfully, 

W. B. Crocker. 



Boston, Mass., Aug. 31, 1889. 
Your kind invitation was duly received. I could not 
determine until today whether it would be possible for me 
to accept your invitation, which I now do. It will afford me 
great pleasure to be there next Tuesday. 
Very Truly Yours, 

Francis A. Perry. 



113 

Wheeling, W. Va., Aug. 31, 1889. 
I beg leave to acknowledge receipt of your invitation to 
participate in the ceremonies attending the celebration of the 
town of Sandwich. It would give me great pleasure to be 
with yf)U on this occasion ; but other demands on my time, 
and distance prevent it. My residence in the old town was 
limited to a few years, but family and business ties still bind 
me closely to you. I trsut your celebration will be success- 
ful beyond anticipation, and be the means of attracting at- 
tention to the advantages the town offers, both as a manu- 
facturing and business locality, and also as a most delight- 
ful residence at all seasons of the year, but especially in sum- 
mer. Please apply the enclosed draft on New York, for I^IO, 
as my mite toward defraying the expenses of your festivities. 
I remain Yours Truly, 

George G. Hannan. 



Boston, June 26, 1889. 
I shall be happy to contribute in a small way towards 
the expenses of the occasion. You may assess me for #10. 
I suppose you will want all sons and daughters to come 
home on that day, and therefore shall try to be present with 
my brothers. Yours, 

A. B. Ckocker. 



Your favor of the 3d inst. duly received, and I am 
pleased to know how well you are doing in obtaining the 
money required for the celebration. I am very glad to add 
my name to the list for #50. Thanking you for the informa- 
tion you have given me, I remain 

Very truly yours, 

Henry T. Wing. 



Marion, Sept. 1, 1889. 
Mr. Gilder thanks Mr. Dillingham, of the committee, 
for the honor of an invitation to the celebration on the 3d of 
September, and very much regrets that other engagements 
yv^ill prevent his acceptance. 



114 

New York, June 27, 1889. 
I am glad there is a movement to commemorate the 
260th anniversary of the founding of the town of Sandwich. 
My ancestor, Edward Dillingham was one of those appointed 
by the Plymouth Colony to go to Sandwich and lay out the 
town, and many of his descendants have made Sandwich their 
home. I shall always be interested in that which affects the 
welfare of the town, for my early days were spent there, and 
many loved ones of the past now sleep in the quiet burying 
ground. I cheerfully subscribe 'l'25, towards defraying the 
expenses of the celebration, and remain 
Yours very truly, 

E. C. Dillingham. 



Sept. 1, 1889. 
Your kind invitation to be present at the Quarter Mil- 
lennial Anniversar}' of the founding of Sandwich is received. 
I am very sorry that I cannot arrange to be present, and 
greatly obliged to your committee for their kind remem- 
brance. Sincerely Yours, 

William F. Draper. 



Boston, August 9, 1889. 
Enclosed find check for 150. I am in hopes that this 
celebration may be the means of waking up an interest in 
the town so that it will grow instead of going backward. 
Shall try to be there September 3. 

Yours, 

D. C. Percival. 



Boston, August 9, 1889. 
In answering your circular, I have the pleasure in hand- 
ing you a check for |50. I intend to be at the celebration 
and I trust it may prove a very successful affair. 
Truly Yours, 

D. N. HOLWAY. 



115 

Brookline, June 26, 1889. 
Please put me down for $10. I trust you will be suc- 
cessful in making the celebration a day to be remembered. 

Yours Truly, 

Nathan H. Crocker. 




DONORS — ON PART OF SANDWICH. 



Jonathan Bourne, 
Ezra C. Dillingham, 
Henry T. Wing, 
Gustavus B. Tobey, 
Watson Freeman, 
David C. Percival, 
David N. Holway, 
Howard W. Spurr, 
Ariel B. Crocker, 
Mitchell Wing, 

A. Warren Holway, 
E. R. Pope, 

T. E. Holway, 
James L. Wesson, 
Henry A. Belcher, 
William H. Keating, 

B. E. Fish, 

James J. McLaughlin, 
George B. Lapham, 
John A. McLaughlin, 
Frank E. Pope, 



New Bedford, 


$100.00 


New York, 


25.00 


(( 


50.00 


(( 


25.00 


Boston, 


60.00 


n 


50.00 


t« 


50.00 


t( 


50.00 


(i 


10.00 


a 


10.00 


u 


5.00 


it 


5.00 


(k 


20.00 


n 


30.00 


ii 


26.00 


a 


10.00 


a 


5.00 


a 


5.00 


a 


10.00 


11 


20.00 


ii • 


20.00 



117 



Francis V. B. Kern, 


(,i 




10.00 


Frank H. Foster, 


«i 




3.00 


W. A. Foster, 


(b 




16.00 


Kendall H. Damon, 


li 




10.00 


Nathan H. Crocker, 


Brookline, Mass., 




10.00 


W. B. Crocker, 


Foxboro, Mass., 




10.00 


L, A. Frailey, 


Washington, D. C. 


? 


10.00 


Mrs. George H. Taber, 


, Franklin, Pa., 




5.00 


Asa S. Wing, 


Philadelphia, Pa., 




25.00 


George W. Pope, 


Chatham, Mass., 




5.00 


Henry A, Bourne, 


Brooklyn, 




25.00 


Josiah T. Knowles, 


Providence, 




15.00 


Samuel Snow, 


Barnstable, 




60.00 


Andrew F. Sherman, 


n, 




10.00 


Joseph B. Dillingham, 


West Chester, Pa., 




50.00 


William A. Foster, 


Newark, N. J., 




3.00 


I. T. Young, 


Wellfleet, 




5.00 


Mr. and Mrs. F. Wolcott Jackson, Newark, N. J., 


50.00 


Mrs. Joseph H. Patten 


1 


n 


26.00 


Mr. and Mrs. Phillip Nye Jackson, 


u 


16.00 


Mr. and Mrs. John B. 


Jackson, 


a 


15.00 


William Fessenden Jackson, 


<.i 


10.00 


Frederick Wolcott Jackson Jr., 


a 


10.00 


Charles H. Jackson, 




a 


10.00 


Elizabeth Wolcott Jackson, 


(« 


5.00 


Nina Fessenden Jackson, 


n 


6.00 


Oliver Wolcott Jackson, 


n 


5.00 


Martha Nye Jackson, 




a 


5.00 


Nannie Nye Jackson, 


) 


u 




Edith Attee Jackson, 




a 


10.00 


Frederick Wolcott Jackson 3d, ) 


n 




George G. Hannon, 


Wheeling W. Va., 




10.00 


William L. Quinnell, 


Springfield, 




5.00 


J. H. Holway, 






10.00 


DONORS — 


ON PART OF B 


OURNE, 




Gustavus F. Swift, 




iioo.oo 


Edwin C. Swift, 






100.00 


Isaac N. Keith, 






50.00 



118 

C. P. Horton, 50.00 

B. B. Abbe, 10.00 
W. Allen, 10.00 
Nathan Nye, 10.00 
Edward B. Burgess, ; 10.00 
A. R. Eldredge, 10.00 
A. H. Wood, 10.00 
David D. Nye, 7.75 

C. Curry, ' 5.00 
M. C. Waterhouse, 5.00 
George Bauldry, 5.00 
Seth S. Burgess, 5.00 
L. Latter, 5.00 
James S. Ellis, 5.00 
J. T. Handy, 5.00 
A. P. Davis, 5.00 
E, S. Wood, 5.00 
E.B.Phillips, 5.00 
A. Hawkins, 5.00 
Calvin Crowell, 5.00 
George W. Gibbs, 5.00 
W. R. Gibbs, 5.00 
Hiram T. Keith, 5.00 
Crosby Bros, & Co., 5.00 
John P. Knowlton, 5.00 
Levi L. Swift, 5.00 
Hiram Crowell, 5.00 
Hiram E. Crowell, 5.00 
Benjamin F. Bray, 5.00 
John W. Wedlock, 5.00 
Charles H. Burgess, 2d, 5.00 
W. Magee, 5.00 
S. N. Cudworth, 5.00 
A. E. Bates, 3.00 
G. H. Richards, 2.00 
P. C. Gibbs, 3.00 
Lawrence Tucker, 2.00 
A. Little, 2.00 
George E. Phinney, 2.00 
O. R. Swift, 2.00 



119 

E. Bourne Nye, $2.00 
George L. Atherton, 2.00 
George A. Swift, 2.00 
J. D. Wester, 2.00 

A. C. Swift, 2.00 

F. E. Wright, 2.00 

EbenS. Bowman, B. B. Harlow, Osgood L. Small, 
George T. Perkins, Allen T. Rogers, Emory A. Ellis, 
N. L. Allen, N. Bourne Ellis, James H. Ashley, Her- 
bert L. Swift, Foster Raymond, J. F. Nightengale, Hi- 
ram Nightengale, Edward Holway, Ernest Blackwell, 

B. L. Blackwell, Seth Holway, Rhoda A. Howard, 
Levi G. Hathaway, Howard Swift, E. H. Wefer, P. 
H. Phinney, E. H. Tobey, Alfred Perry, A. Phinney, 
J. Godfrey, F. F. Greer, J. H. West, W. H. Wing, 
O. C. Wing, F. Dimmick, each $1.00. 

Total, 131.00 

William W. Brown, F. R. Nickerson, Phillip A. 
Rivers, Thomas Murphy, A. T. Hamblin, Henry C. 
Wright, Henry W. Hunt, Henry B. Ellis, Frederick 
Blagdon, J. M Covell, C. H. Douglass, Charles Gibbs, 
Welden S. Pierce, E. R. Ellis, H. R. Ellis, Emma C. 
Hartford, Mary H. Howard, John L. Gibbs, Stillman 
R. Ellis, Russell Gibbs Jr., H. Russell Swift, each 
60 cents. C. C. Jones, 25 cents. 

Total, $10.75 



LEGAL VOTERS OF SANDWICH, 1889. 



Adams, Isaiah M. 
Allen, Jessie F. 
Armstrong, David 
" John A. 

" Robert 

" Robert F. 

Atkins, Benjamin H. 

" James 

" Thomas F. 

" William 
Atwood, Charles H. 
Baker, Thomas 
Bacon, Edward B. 
Bartley, Benjamin G. 
Bassett, Charles H. 

"• James G. 

' John B. 

" Joseph S. 

" Volentine 
Bicknell, James S. 
Bibber, Edward F. 
Black, John 
Blackwell, Charles H. 
Blake, Davis A. 



Bodfish. Francis A. 
Bourne, Eugene C. 

" Ezra J. 

" Sylvanus R. 
Boyden, Willard E. 

" William P. 
Boyle, John 
Brady, Edward 

" Hugh Jr. 
Brailey, S. Frank 
Braman, Arthur 
Buckley, James 

" Michael A. 

" Thomas 
Burgess, Frank H. 

William B. 
Burbank, Frank C. 

" George E. 
Briggs, Bradford B. 
Brown, Peleg T. 
Canary, Owen 

" John P. 
Carlson, John A. 
Carleton, Hiram 



121 



Carleton, John F. 
Carter, Asa 
Cheval, Alfred L. 
Chad wick, James M. 
Chamberlain, Benj. F. 

" Leander F. 

" Leander S. 

Chapouil, Anthony 

" Charles H. 
Chessman, Daniel F. 
Chipman, George N. 
" Isaac K. 
" Stephen S. 
" Thomas H. 
" Herbert L. 
William C. 
Clark, Fletcher 
Robert 
Robert C. 
Clinton, Thomas F. 
Coffee, Michael 
Covell, Benjamin W. 
Crocker, C-harles F. 
Justus H. 
Laban P. 
" James W. 
Craven, Thomas 
Crowell, Warren 
Cunningham, John F. 
Curran, Edward J. 
Cozzens, George 
Creech, William J. 
Dalton, James H. 
" John W. 
" William 
Dean, Henry F. 

" Thomas F. 
Delano, Marcus F. 
Denson, Benjamin F. 
William F. 



Dillingham, Alfred E. 

" Charles 

Donovan, Charles H. 
" Cornelius 
" Cornelius 2d 
" Dennis 
" Patrick 
" John 
Drew, George P. 
Duley, Herbert M. 
Eaton, William 
Ellis, Charles 

" Charles H. B. 

" Charles G. 

" H. G. O. 

" Frank O. 

" John C. C. 

" Seth O. 
Eldred, Frederick C, 
Ewer, Benjamin 

" Benjamin 2d, 

" Benjamin F. 

" John 

" Joseph 
Faunce, Joshua T. 
Robert T. 
Fessenden, Nathaniel 

" Samuel 

Fish, Albert F. 

" Chipman 

" Edwin O. 

" Benjamin W. 

" Ephraim 

" Frank A. 

" Frederick A. 

" Henry W. 

" Isaiah 

" James M. 

" Joseph L. 

" George R. 



122 



Fish, Nathaniel H. 
" Nelson W. 
" Roland J. 
" Russell 
" Silas 
" Thomas R. 
» William C. 
French, Louis H. W. 
Foster, Cyrus L. 
" John D. 
" Fifield, William W. 
Fuller, Charles C. 
" Clifton M. 
" Edward A. 
" James O. 
" Robert R. 
Gaffney, Andrew 
Gibbs, Charles F. 
" Martin T. 
" William H. Jr. 
" Herbert C. 
" William H. 
Goodspeed, Henry W. 

" James L. 
Gray, Henry H. 
Gustin, Lucien 
Haines, Edward 
" Eugene W. 
" George L. 
Hall, Joshua 
" Joshua A. 
" Joseph B. 
Hamlen, Benjamin H. 
" Ezra G. 
" Walter G. 
Harrison, Joseph 
Hancock, Elijah 
Hartwell, George 
Heald, Hiram H. 
" William H. 



Heffernan, Edward 
" James F. 
Harlow, Andrew 
Hargreaves, James 

William P. 
Seth A. 
Hilliard, Daniel F. 

" Daniel W. 
Hillman, Uno H. 
Holway, Augustus 
" Barnabas 
" Frederick N. 
" Francis W. 
" Francis R. 
" Herbert E. 
" Isaac W. 
'' John A. 
" Joshua E. 
Howland, Edward B. 
" Frank L. 
" Freeman H. 
" Gustavus 
" Joseph 
" Orrin H. 
" Oscar 
" Nelson 
" Silas J. 
Hobson, John 
Higgins, Andrew 
Horan, James 

" James Jr. 
Hoxie, Charles A. 
" David A. 
" Edward 
" George F. 
" Henry F. 
" Henry P. 
" Isaac 
" Joseph 
" Lyman P. 



123 



Hoxie, Nathaniel C, 
" Robert B. 
" Sylvanus S. 
Hunt, Samuel W. 
Humphre5% John 
Ingraham, James E. 
Irwin, Benjamin 
Jackson, Hezekiah S. J. R. 
Jennings, John 
Jenkins, Harrison G. 
Jones, Azariah W. 
" Charles M. 
" Cyrus C. 
" Edwin M. 
" Francis F. 
" Isaiah T. 
" Lombard C. 
" Seth N. 
" Stephen M. 
" Seth P. 
Keenan, James 

" James Jr. 
Kellehar, James H. 
John 
" William 
Kenney, Edward A. 
Kennard, John 
Landers, Abraham H. 
" Harrison T. 
" Joseph 
Lapham, Charles H. 
" Charles W. 
" George F, 
" Joseph H. 
William F. 
Larkin, Lawrence 

" John 
Lawrence, James L. 
Linnehan, Patrick 
Lloyd, James D. 



Lovell, Allen H. 
" Benjamin W. 
" Charles W. 
" Benjamin 
" James A. 
Lovejoy, George W. 
Linekin, Nathaniel C. 
Lutz, Nicholas 
Macy, Charles H. 

" Robert 
Martin, John 
Mahoney, Patrick F. 
McArdle, John 

John T. 
" Joseph B, 
McLaney, Thomas 
McLaughlin, George T. 
McNamee, John H. 
McParlin, Daniel 
McCann, John 
McHugh, Francis 
Meiggs, Edmund 

" Charles W. H. 
" George W. 
" WUliam H. 
Miller, John Q. 
Milliken, Charles 
Montague, Thomas 
" Michael 

Morse, Sanford I. 
" Simeon Jr. 
Murphy, Francis 
" Thomas 
Murray, John Jr. 
Muldoon, Christopher 
Mullor, Friedman 
McElroy, Patrick 
McDermott, Thomas 
Newcimib, Josiah S. 
" Josiah S. Jr. 



124 



Newcomb, Thomas G. 
Nichols, Edward 
Norris, Benjamin 
Nye, Franklin 
" George B. 
" Heman 
" John P. 
" Levi S. 
" Samuel H. 
" Stephen B. 
" William E. 
" William L. 
Omans, Jonathan A. 
Parks, James P. 

" Eleazer P. 
Perry, Edgar W. 
" James F. 
" John M. 
Peroetie Eugene 
Percival, Ephraim C. 
" Horace 
" John 
Phinney, Owen 
Pierce, Frederick E. 
Pope, Agustus R. 
" Charles E. 
" Charles T. 
" Ezra T. 
" Ezra T. Jr. 
" Frederick S. 
" George W. 
" Robert T. 
Pratt, Ambrose E. 

" John E. 
Powers, Thomas 
Quinn, Charles 
Rasmuslew, Christian 
Robinson, Phillip H. 

" Sylvanus D. 
Rogers, George W. 



Rogers, Irving F. 
Roos, Axel 
Rosenburg, Peter 
Russell, Henry 
Sherman, Andrew F. Jr., 
Shevlin, James 
Phillip 
Shuester, George A. 
Smith, Ezra N. 
" John S. 
" Matthias 
" William 
Spurr, Henry F. 

" Henry F. Jr. 
Stevens, Ezra C. 

" John H. 
Stever, J. Charles 
Soule, James 
Swanzey, John 

" Peter 
Swift, Edgar W. 
" George W. 
Southworth, Amory C. 
Southack, Theodore L. 
Swann, Edward J. 
Sullivan, John H. 
Tinkham, Frank M. 
" Micah 
" John W. 
Tobey, Ansel 
" Nathan L. 
" Thomas H. 
" Watson F. 
" Watson F. Jr. 
" Robert 
Terry, George H. 
Thompson, Charles M. 
" Thomas E. 

Thwing, James H. 
Tupper, Robert H. 



125 



Tupper, Russell E. 
Voden, John B. 
Vessel, Thomas 
Waterman, Allan T. 
Wares, William H. 
Weeks, George H. 

" John T. 
Welch, Charles 

" Charles E. 
White, George E. 
Whittemore, Ebenezer 
Whelan, Edward 
Wing, Azariah 

" Alvin P. 



Wing, Joseph 2d, 

" Joseph 

" Paul 

" George S. 

" Seth B. 

" Stephen R. 
Woods, Francis 
Woodwell, William H. 
Whitcomb, C. T. C. 
Wright, Charles E. 
S. " Joseph 

" Jonathan K. 

" Zenas W. 

" Zenas W. Jr. 
Wright, Robert 



♦ • ♦ 



LEGAL VOTERS OF BOURNE, 1889. 



Abbe, Benjamin 

" Benjamin Jr. 
Adams, Benjamin F. 

" Thomas F. 
Allen, Nathaniel 

" Washington 
Aldrich, Abbott L. 
Ames, Herbert C. 

" Franklin N. 

" Laureston E. 
Ashley, James E. 
Atherton, George L. 
Ashport, Frank 
Atwood, Nathaniel 

" Solomon S. 

Avery, Elmer E. 

" George W. 

" Warren B. 

" Zemira J. 
Bacon, George 
Baker, David H. 

" Henry 
Bauldry George F. 
Baker, Hiram F. 



Baker, James W. 
" Joshua H. 
" Lorenzo 
Bassett, Stillman C. 
Bates, Andrew E. 
Beal, Nathan G. 
" Walter G. 
Bell, Alexander 
Berry, Charles F. 
" Everett E. 
" Gideon 
" Isaac H. 
Blackwell, Benj. L. 
" Edwin A. 
Elliot B. 
Ellis H. 
Blackwell Ezra 
" Russell 

William R. 
Blagden, Daniel S. 

Fred P. 
Bourne, Alfred W. 
" Alexander 
" Augustus 



127 



Bourne, Benjamin F. 

" George 

" John 

" Jerome L. 

" Samuel 

" Shadrack 
William W. 
Burgess, Aaron L. 

Charles H. 2d. 

" Edmund C. 

" Edward H. 
Elisha H. 

" Everett B. 

" Frederick H. 

" Nathaniel 

" Reuben L. 

" Robert W. 

" Stephen S. 
Seth S. 
Bullen, Henry S. 
Burr, Buchannan 
Booth, Alonzo E. 

" Wilder 
Bowman, Eben S. 
Bradlee, Frederick W. 
Bray, Benjamin F. 
Bosworth, Frederick A. 
Briggs, George I. 
" Jedediah 
Butler, Patrick F. 
Baldwin, Henry A, 
Barlow, Edward W. 

" Jesse 

" Jesse B. 

« Jesse F. 

« William A. 
William F. 
Battles, Alexander G. 
Eben D. 

" Joshua G. 



Gaboon, Alphonzo F. 
Nathan W. 
Cash, Joshua G. 
Chadwick, Francis E. 
Chamberlayne, Charles F. 

" Nathan H. 

Chase, Bradford 
" Joshua H. 
Chester, Henry W. 
Claybrook, Robert J. ^ 
Clement, William H. 
William T. 
Collins, Alonzo O. 
" Reuben P. 
Copeland, Frederick W. 
Cook, Charles H. 
Crowell, Calvin 

" Hiram 

" Hiram E. 
Covin, Benjamin S. 

" John M. 
Davis, Alden P. 
Dimmock, Edward C. 

" Frederick 

" Joseph 

" Joseph F. 

Doane, Francis L. 

Winfield S. 
Douglas, Charles E. 

" Luther 
Dunn, Federick J. 

" John S. 
Edwards, Ansel 

" David H. 
Eldredge, Albert R. 

" Cyrenus 

" Ferdinand B. 

" Franklin C. 

" Horatio 

" Joseph M. 



128 



Eldredge Oliver H. 

"• Prince 
Ellis, Andrew F. 

" David W. O. 

" Elisha J. 

" Emery A. 

" Eugene R. 

" Henry B. 

" Henry R. 

" James S. 

" Nathan B. 

" Stillman R. 

" Stephen G. F. 

" Warren D. 

" Winfield E. 
Fish, Ansel W. 

" James A. 
Floeken, Lewis F. 
Fuller, Thomas A. 
Gammons, John G. 
Gibbs, Ansel 

" Alexander 

" Arthur H. 

" Charles A. 
Emery P. 

" Edward S. 

" Frank H. 

" George F. 

" George W. 

" Henry 

" James C. 

" Jarvis C. 

" Oscar F. 

" Paul C. 

" Phineas 

" Phineas Jr. 

" Russell 

" Russell Jr. 

" Lafayette 

'• William C. 



Gibbs, William R. 

" William R. Jr. 
Gidley, William A. 
Gifford, Albert B. 

" Daniel S. 

" William M. 
Godfrey, Josiah 
Green, Henry C. 
Greer, Frederick F. 
Gilbiaioh, Benjamin 
Griffen, Frederick 
Hammond, Charles F. 
" Harry B. 

" Robert C. 

Hawkins, Albert 
Hall, Charles F. 

" Charles F. Jr. 

" George W. 
Harmon, Persia B. 
Harris, Calvin H. 

" Elisha F. 

" Russell F. 
Hipnshaw, Frank S. H. 
Hamlin, Charles W. 

" Stephen D. 
William H. 
Hill, Samuel P. 
Handy, George R. 

" Henry T. 

" Francis D. 

" James T. 

" Phliney B. 

" Sylvanus E. 
Hanly, Charles C. 
Hathaway, Alexander J. 
" Joseph T. 

" Levi G. 

Howe, Albert 
Harlow, Benjamin B. 
Hewins, Joseph S. 



129 



Holmes, Robert R. 
Horton, Charles P. 
Holway, Seth W. 

" George 
Howard, Charles F. 
Hurst, Frederick A. 
Hinds, Heman S. 
Jackson, Christopher 
Jones, Charles C. 
Jameson, Edward T. 
Keene, Abraham 

" Frank G. 

" Warren P. 

" Walton E. 
Keith, Hiram T. 

" Isaac N. 
Knowlton, John P. 
Natt H. 
Kimber, James W. 
Kendrick, Charles E. 
" Freeman H. 

" George A. 

" Warren Jr. 

" ■ Warren 
Landers, Alonzo S. 
David 

" Samuel H. 
Latter, Leonard 
Lawrence, Reuben W. 
Leavitt, Levi R. 
Lee, Daniel 
Lindall, Edward E. 
Little, Anthony 
Lovell, Reuben P. 
Lumbert, Ansel 
McAllister, Oren A. 
Magoon, Davis A. 
Mahurin, William H. 
Manimon, Barzilla 
'' Qbarles H. 



Marsh, Charles W. 
Marvel, Amos F. 
Maxim, Seth S. 
Nickerson, Alexander 
Nightengale, Benj. B. 
" Joseph F. 

" Hiram B. 

Norris, Joel W. 
" Mark C. 
" William S. 
Nye, David D. 
" Ebenezer 
" Ebenezer B. 
" Nathan 
" William A. 
Packard, Henry G. 
" Harry W. 
John C. 
William E. 
Parker, Calvin 

Erastus O. 
" John H. 
Perkins, George T. 
Perry, Andrew J. 
" Alfred L. 
" Andrew F. 
" Davis 
" Edward H. 

Edwin H. 
" Freeman A. 
" George W. 
" Hiram L. 
Perry, Harry E. 
" Henry 

John M. 
" John F. 
" Nathan C. 
" Osmond L. 
" Silas 

Salathiel H. 



130 



Perrv, William H. H. 
'• " William E. C. 
Wallace J. 
Phinuey, Abraham 
" Levi L. 

Perez H. 
John B. 
•' George E. 

Jesse F. 
John A. 
Roswell B. 
Sylvester O. 
William W. 
Plumley, Thomas D. 
Peirce, Gamaliel W. 
Wesley B. 
" William F. 

William F. Jr. 
" Welden S. 
Pope, Clarence E. 
Quilty, Jeffrey 
Raleigh, Charles S. 
Reynolds, William F. 
Raymond, Asa 

Adell H. 
" Isaiah 
Frank 
" James F. 
" James N. 
•' Lewis C, 
Robert H. 
Walton F. 
William H. 
Redding, Seth H. 
Rogers, Allen T. 

" James C. 
Robinson, Edmund B. 

Edmund B. Jr. 
Robbins, John E. 
Ryder, Hiram 



Ryder, George T. 2d 

" Robert J. 
Stillman S. 
Savery, Levi S. 
Small, Isaac Jr. 
Smally, Charles G. 
Smith, Frederick O. 

" Watson C. 
Stevens, Edward H. 

" Isaac 
Stilphin, Francis G. 
Stackpole, William 
Swift, Aaron C. 

" Abraham F. 

" Benjamin E. 

" Charles D. 

" Charles E. 

" Edward H. 

" George W. 

" George A. 

" Herbert L. 

" Henry R. 

" Howard 

" Francis C. 

" Levi L. 

" Levi 

" Noble P. 

" Major A. 

" Ordello R. 

" Seth F. 

" Shadrack F. 

" Stephen N. 
Swift, Ward F. 

" Wayman S. 

" William E. 

" William F. 
Taylor, John H. 
Thompson, Eugene L. 
Tobias, Ebenezer F. 

" Joseph 



131 



Tobias, Wayrnan 
Tobey, Elisha H. 
Triboii, Daniel W. 
Travers, James P. 
Vincent, Andrew J, 
Waterhouse, Moses C. 
Weeks, Ebenezer F. 
Henry W. 
" Amiel C. 
Wedlock, John W. 
Welch, Josiah N. 
West, James H. 
Whipple, John C. 
White, Francis B. 
Wefer, Eliot 
Wicks, Asaph S. 



Williams, James E. 
Wing, Alvin 

Oliver C. 

" John C. E. 

" Nathaniel 

" Walter H. 

" William H. 
Woods, Thomas K. 
Wright, Andrew M. 

" Augustus W. 

" Frederick E. 

" Henry C. 

" Preston A. 
Noah H. 

" Stillman B. 

" Zadoc 




rni4ll "^f • 



